Lutrol f68

Compritol 888 ATO (MW 414.7 g/mol), a mixture of mono-, di-, and triglycerides of behenic acid, and Precirol ATO 5 (Glyceryl palmitostearate) were obtained from Gattefossè (Milan, Italy); Lecinol S-10, hydrogenated lecithin, was obtained from Nikko Chemical (Milan, Italy) and Lutrol F68 (MW 8400 g/mol) was provided by BASF ChemTrade GmbH (Burgbernheim, Germany). Astaxanthin (AST), Trolox, AAPH (2,2′-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride), stearic acid, and all reagents were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Fluorescein disodium salt was obtained from Acros Organics (Milan, Italy). Cytosine arabinoside, 1-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-3,5-diphenylformazan (MTT), DMSO, and other chemicals were from Sigma-Aldrich (Milan, Italy). Polysorbate 80 was obtained from Polichimica S.r.l (Bologna, Italy) while collagenase type I, sodium pyruvate, trypsin/EDTA solution were from GIBCO, Thermo Fisher (Milan, Italy). Nerve growth factor (NGF) were purchased from GIBCO (Thermo Fisher, Milan, Italy). Basic fibroblastic growth factor (bFGF), human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) retinoic acid, dibutyryl cAMP (dbcAMP), and isobutyl methyl xanthine (IBMX) were purchased from MERK (Darmstadt, Germany). BDNF was purchased from PrepoTech (London, UK).

Compritol 888 ATO (COMP, MW 414.7 g/mol), a mixture of mono-, di-, and triglycerides of behenic acid, and Precirol ATO 5 (Glyceryl palmitostearate) were obtained from Gattefossè (Milan, Italy); Lecinol S-10, hydrogenated lecithin, was obtained from Nikko Chemical (Milan, Italy), and Lutrol F68 (MW 8400 g/mol) were provided by BASF ChemTrade GmbH (Burgbernheim, Germany). DSPE-PEG₂₀₀₀ (1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[amino (polyethyleneglycol)-2000] ammonium salt) was a gift from Lipoid GmbH (Ludwigshafen, German-y). Curcumin (CUR, MW 368.38 g/mol), Trolox (MW 250.29 g/mol), AAPH (2,2′-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride, MW 271.19 g/mol), Stearic Acid (284.48 g/mol), and all reagents were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Fluorescein disodium salt (MW 332.31 g/mol) was obtained from Acros Organics. Dulbecco’s Modified Eagles Medium (DMEM), heat-inactivated Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS, Gibco, Rockville, MD, USA), Penicillin/Streptomycin solution, 200 mM L-glutamine, collagenase, 0.05% trypsin-0.02% EDTA solution were from Invitrogen (ThermoScientific, Milan, Italy). Cytosine arabinoside, 1-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-3,5-diphenylformazan (MTT), Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO), and other chemicals were from Sigma-Aldrich (Milan, Italy).

Compritol 888 ATO (COMP), a mixture of monoglycerides, diglycerides, and triglycerides of behenic acid was obtained from Gattefossè (Milan, Italy). Miglyol 812 (MIG), which is a mixture of caprylic/capric triglycerides, was obtained from Eigenmann & Veronelli S.p.A. (Milan, Italy) and Lutrol F68 was provided by BASF ChemTrade GmbH (Burgbernheim, Germany). Micronized PEA was a kind gift from Epitech Group (Milan, Italy). Streptozotocin (STZ) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). All the other chemicals and reagents were of the highest purity grade commercially available and were used as received.

IBU (Boots, Nottingham, UK), which was kindly donated by VIANEX S.A. (Athens, Greece), was used as a model, poorly soluble API.
Lutrol F68 and Soluplus purchased from BASF, Germany, Natrosol 250 purchased from Ashland, USA, Methocel K4M purchased from Dow, USA, HPC-SL and HPC-SSL purchased from Nisso HPC, Japan and Pharmacoat 603, 606, 615 purchased from Shin-Etsu, Japan were employed as suspension stabilizers.
Mannitol (Pearlitol^®® 160C) purchased from Roquette Frères, (Lestrem, France) and Aerosil purchased from Evonik Industries AG, (Essen, Germany), were investigated as co-milling agents, and mannitol was employed as SD diluent and dispersibility-enhancing matrix former.
Distilled water was used as a dispersion medium for the wet milling process.