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Lactose

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Lactose is a disaccharide composed of galactose and glucose. It is the predominant sugar found in mammalian milk and is commonly used in various laboratory applications.

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Lab products found in correlation

2 fucosyllactose, by Biosynth (2 mentions) N acetyllactosamine, by Biosynth (1 mentions) Recombinant human vascular endothelial growth factor, by R&D Systems (1 mentions) Lacto n biose, by Biosynth (1 mentions) 3 sialyllactose, by Biosynth (1 mentions) 6 sialyllactose, by Biosynth (1 mentions) 3 sialyllactosamine, by Biosynth (1 mentions) Dextran sulfate sodium (dss), by MP Biomedicals (1 mentions) X gal, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Ampicillin, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Sodium hydroxide naoh pellets, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Ammonium hydroxide solution nh4oh, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Hplc grade acetonitrile acn, by Honeywell (1 mentions) Iodomethane, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Amylopectin, by Biosynth (1 mentions) Ammonium acetate nh4ac, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Sophorose, by Megazyme (1 mentions) Anhydrous dimethyl sulfoxide dmso, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Maltohexaose, by Biosynth (1 mentions) Nigerose, by Biosynth (1 mentions)

Spelling variants of this product

6′-galactosyl-lactose (4 citations) 4′-galactosyl-lactose (2 citations)

4 protocols using lactose

1

Oligosaccharides Modulate VEGFR-2 Signaling

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The oligosaccharides of human milk, such as lactose, lacto N-biose, N-acetyllactosamine, 3′-sialyllactosamine, 6′-sialyllactosamine, 3′-sialyllactose (3SL), and 6′-sialyllactose (6SL), were purchased from Carbosynth Ltd. (Berkshire, UK). Recombinant human vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was supplied by R&D systems Inc. (Minneapolis, MN, USA). Antibodies against the phosphorylated form or total form of VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), Akt, and p38 were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA). The antibody against von Willebrand Factor (vWF) was purchased from Dako (CA, USA). Antibodies against glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and hoseradish peroxide (HRP)-conjugated secondary antibodies were supplied by Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA).
Chung T.W., Kim E.Y., Kim S.J., Choi H.J., Jang S.B., Kim K.J., Ha S.H., Abekura F., Kwak C.H., Kim C.H, & Ha K.T. (2017). Sialyllactose suppresses angiogenesis by inhibiting VEGFR-2 activation, and tumor progression. Oncotarget, 8(35), 58152-58162.
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2

Characterization of Il22ra1 and RegIIIγ Knockout Mice

Cited 1 time
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Il22ra1tm1a/tm1a, RegIIIγtm1a/tm1a, and WT C57BL/6N mice were maintained and phenotyped by the Sanger Mouse Genetics Programme (White et al., 2013 (link)). Endogenous Il22ra1 expression was detected by overnight incubation with 0.1% (w/v) X-gal (Invitrogen). All animals were kept under specific pathogen-free conditions, and colony sentinels tested negative for Helicobacter spp. Mice were infected orally with 109 cfu of Kanamycin (Kan)- and nalidixic acid (Nal)-resistant luminescent Citrobacter rodentium ICC180 (Wiles et al., 2006 (link)) or intravenously (i.v.) with 105 cfu Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium M525 TETc (Clare et al., 2003 (link)). Where indicated, C. rodentium-infected mice were administered intraperitoneal (i.p.) ampicillin (50 mg/kg; Sigma-Aldrich), oral 2′-fucosyllactose, H disaccharide, lactose (2 mg/day; Carbosynth), or PBS controls. DSS colitis was induced by administering 2% (w/v) DSS (MP Biomedicals) in drinking water for 7 days, followed by normal autoclaved water. The care and use of mice were in accordance with the UK Home Office regulations (UK Animals Scientific Procedures Act 1986) and were approved by the Sanger Institute’s Animal Welfare and Ethical Review Body.
Pham T.A., Clare S., Goulding D., Arasteh J.M., Stares M.D., Browne H.P., Keane J.A., Page A.J., Kumasaka N., Kane L., Mottram L., Harcourt K., Hale C., Arends M.J., Gaffney D.J., Dougan G, & Lawley T.D. (2014). Epithelial IL-22RA1-Mediated Fucosylation Promotes Intestinal Colonization Resistance to an Opportunistic Pathogen. Cell Host & Microbe, 16(4), 504-516.
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3

Carbohydrate Standards Preparation Protocol

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Ammonium acetate (NH4Ac), TFA, iodomethane (contains copper stabilizer, 99.5 %), sodium hydroxide pellets (NaOH) (semi-conductor grade, 99.99% trace metals basis), ammonium hydroxide solution (NH4OH) (28-30%, NH3 basis), PMP, dichloromethane (DCM), methanol (MeOH) (HPLC grade), stachyose, and anhydrous dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Acetonitrile (ACN) (HPLC grade) was purchased from Honeywell (Muskegon, MI). 2-O-(a-D-mannopyranosyl)-D-mannopyranose, 1,4-D-xylobiose, 1,5-a-L-arabinotriose, 1,3-a-1,6-a-D-mannotriose, isomaltotriose, 4-O-(b-D-galactopyranosyl)-D-galactopyranose, lactose, 2’-fucosyllactose (synthetic), nigerose, 3-O-(b-D-galactopyranosyl)-D-galactopyranose, 3-O-(a-D-mannopyranosyl)-D-mannopyranose, 1,4-b-D-mannotriose, maltohexaose, 1,6-a-D-mannotriose, and amylopectin were obtained from Carbosynth (Compton, UK). Galactan (Lupin), 33-α-L-arabinofuranosyl-xylotetraose and sophorose were acquired from Megazyme (Chicago, IL). Whole carrots were purchased from Whole Foods (Davis, CA). Nanopure water was used for all experiments.
Galermo A.G., Nandita E., Barboza M., Amicucci M.J., Vo T.T, & Lebrilla C.B. (2018). An LC-MS/MS Approach for Determining Glycosidic Linkages. Analytical chemistry, 90(21), 13073-13080.
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4

Characterization of Chitooligosaccharide Hydrolysis

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LNT2 was purchased from Elicityl Oligotech (Crolles, France). Lactose, pNPGalNAc and 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminide (X-GlcNAc) were from Carbosynth (San Diego, CA, USA), N,N′-diacetylchitobiose [(GlcNAc)2] from Omicron Biochemicals (South Bend, IN, USA), and N,N′,N″-triacetylchitotriose [(GlcNAc)3] and pNPGlcNAc from Megazyme (Bray, Co. Wicklow, Ireland). A mixture of chitooligosaccharides, (GlcNAc)1–6, was from Koyo Chemicals (Osaka, Japan). All other chemicals were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) and used without further purification. S. plicatus β-NAHA in fusion with maltose-binding protein was purchased from New England Biolabs (Ipswich, MA, USA).
Visnapuu T., Teze D., Kjeldsen C., Lie A., Duus J.Ø., André-Miral C., Pedersen L.H., Stougaard P, & Svensson B. (2020). Identification and Characterization of a β-N-Acetylhexosaminidase with a Biosynthetic Activity from the Marine Bacterium Paraglaciecola hydrolytica S66T. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(2), 417.
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