Zn tpp

Dye spectra were recorded on a SpectraMax plate reader (Molecular Devices) and fluorescently labeled bacteria were visualized on an Olympus IX-60 inverted epifluorescence microscope using a Quantum Dot filter set (emission: 420/80 nm, dichroic 475 nm, emission 500/longpass) and a 100x 1.4 NA oil immersion objective. Cerulean-expressing E. coli and P. salinarum were visualized on a Zeiss 510 confocal (Beckman Imaging Center) with a 63x 1.4 NA oil immersion objective and excitation with the 488 nm line of an Ar ion laser.
For labeling with NanoOrange, 10 μL of a NanoOrange stock solution in DMSO (Molecular Probes) was added to washed cells diluted 100-fold into motility medium. The cells were rocked for 20 min in the dark, then washed by centrifugation and resuspension in motility medium, and mounted onto slides using ProLong Gold mounting medium (Molecular Probes) for epifluorescence microscopy or used for DHM immediately. Labeling with zinc tetraphenylporphyrin (ZnTPP, Sigma) was using a 30 mM stock solution added as 100x for a final concentration of 30 μM for 1 h. The cells were then washed twice by pelleting and resuspension in motility medium before imaging.

An assortment of plastics was selected to represent typical micro- and nanoplastic types, including polyolefins, polyesters, and polyamides, featuring assorted structural motives (see Figure S1 for structures) [1 ]. The microplastics polyethylene (PE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyvinylidene dichloride (PVDC), and polyamide (Nylon 12, PA) were procured from Goodfellow (Hamburg, Germany) as dry powders. Polystyrene (PS) nanoplastic particles (100 nm particle size standard) were obtained in the form of an aqueous suspension from Thermo Scientific (Bremen, Germany). The fluorescent dyes acridine orange (hydrochloride), rhodamine 6G, rhodamine B, fluorescein (disodium salt), and eosinY (disodium salt) were purchased from Magnacol Ltd. (Newtown, UK) (see Figure S2 for structures). The porphyrin derivatives TPP, copper(II), vanadate, and zinc tetraphenylporhyrins (Cu-TPP, V-TPP, Zn-TPP), along with tetrahydrofuran (THF), ethanol, 1-octanol, pluronic surfactant, and Cu(OAc)₂, were acquired from Sigma Aldrich (Darmstadt, Germany). All chemicals were used as received. ⁶⁴Cu was produced at the in-house cyclotron at the HZDR Research Site Leipzig [42 (link)].

An assortment of plastics was selected to represent typical micro- and nanoplastic types, including polyolefins, polyesters, and polyamides, featuring assorted structural motives (see Figure S1 for structures) [1 ]. The microplastics polyethylene (PE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyvinylidene dichloride (PVDC), and polyamide (Nylon 12, PA) were procured from Goodfellow (Hamburg, Germany) as dry powders. Polystyrene (PS) nanoplastic particles (100 nm particle size standard) were obtained in the form of an aqueous suspension from Thermo Scientific (Bremen, Germany). The fluorescent dyes acridine orange (hydrochloride), rhodamine 6G, rhodamine B, fluorescein (disodium salt), and eosinY (disodium salt) were purchased from Magnacol Ltd. (Newtown, UK) (see Figure S2 for structures). The porphyrin derivatives TPP, copper(II), vanadate, and zinc tetraphenylporhyrins (Cu-TPP, V-TPP, Zn-TPP), along with tetrahydrofuran (THF), ethanol, 1-octanol, pluronic surfactant, and Cu(OAc)₂, were acquired from Sigma Aldrich (Darmstadt, Germany). All chemicals were used as received. ⁶⁴Cu was produced at the in-house cyclotron at the HZDR Research Site Leipzig [42 (link)].