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Phosphorylated atm

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Phosphorylated ATM (Phospho-ATM) is a reagent that detects the phosphorylated form of the ATM (Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated) protein. ATM is a serine/threonine protein kinase that plays a crucial role in the cellular response to DNA damage and initiates the signaling cascade that leads to cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, or apoptosis. Phospho-ATM is a useful tool for studying the activation and regulation of the ATM protein in various cellular and biochemical assays.

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4 protocols using phosphorylated atm

1

Oxidative Stress and Cell Signaling Assay

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RPMI-1640 medium and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were from Mediatech, Inc. (Manassas, VA, USA), N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), catalase, SOD and HiQ Standard Agarose were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Glutathione (GSH), DMPO, 2,7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) and NADPH were obtained from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI, USA). FMN was from TCI AMERICA (Portland, OR USA). Antibodies to detect total c-Jun, phosphorylated c-Jun (Ser63), total c-Fos, phosphorylated c-Fos (Ser32), total JNKs, phosphorylated JNKs (Thr183/Tyr185), total p38, phosphorylated p38 (Thr180/Tyr182), total ATR, phosphorylated ATR (Ser428), phosphorylated ATM (Ser1981), total H2AX, phosphorylated H2AX (Ser139), total p53, phosphorylated p53 (Ser15), total CDC2, phosphorylated CDC2 (Tyr15), phosphorylated cyclin B1 (Ser147), caspase 3 (Asp175), PARP, cleaved PARP (Asp214) and iNOS were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology, Inc. (Danvers, MA, USA). The antibodies to detect total ATM, Bax and p21 were obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. (Santa Cruz, CA, USA).
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2

Cellular Stress Response Profiling

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CD34+ cells were stained with Aqua-Amine (Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA), fixed in 1.6% paraformaldehyde and permeabilized with 100% methanol. Staining was performed with antibodies against phosphorylated p53 (at residue S37) conjugated to Alexa Fluor 647 (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA), p53 conjugated to Alexa Fluor 647, phosphorylated p53 (at residue S15) conjugated to Alexa Fluor 647, or unconjugated antibodies to phosphorylated ATM (at residue S1981), phosphorylated 53BP1 (at residue S1778), phosphorylated Chk1 (at residue S345) and phosphorylated Chk2 (at residue T68) (Cell Signaling Technology, Beverly, MA). The secondary antibodies used were conjugated to phycoerythrin (PE) and were against mouse IgGs or rabbit IgGs (Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA). An LSR II flow cytometer (BD Biosystems, San Jose, CA) was used.
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3

Protein Extraction and Western Blot Analysis

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M‐PER Mammalian Protein Extraction Reagent was employed to extract proteins from irradiated cells at 8 hours post-IR exposure. Proteins were separated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and transferred to PVDF membranes. The antibodies used to probe the membranes were listed as follows: GAPDH (1 : 1000) was purchased from Proteintech (China); phosphorylated‐ATR (1 : 1000), ATR (1 : 1000), ATM (1 : 1000), and phosphorylated‐ATM (1 : 1000) were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (USA); CHK1 (1 : 1000), phosphorylated‐CHK1 (1 : 1000), phosphorylated‐CHK2 (1 : 1000), CHK2 (Abcam, 1 : 1000), MyD88 (CST, 1 : 1000), and p21 (1 : 1000) were purchased from Abcam (USA). Levels of proteins were done by an ECL western blotting detection system (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham) after the specific secondary antibodies (Servicebio, China) were probed.
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4

Comprehensive Antibody Compendium for Cellular Signaling

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Antibodies used were as follows: TRF2 (Karlseder laboratory), ZBP1 (Novus Biologicals, NBP1-76854 and Cell Signaling Technology, 60968), LC3 (Cell Signaling Technology, 2775 and 3868), STING (Cell Signaling Technology, 13647), CGAS (Cell Signaling Technology, D1D3G), γH2AX (Millipore, 05-636-I), Flag (Sigma-Aldrich, F1804), GAPDH (Abnova, PAB17013), TBK1 (Cell Signaling Technology, 3504S), phosphorylated TBK1 (Cell Signaling Technology, 5483S), STAT1 (Cell Signaling Technology, 9172S), phosphorylated STAT1 (Cell Signaling Technology, 9167L), IRF3 (Cell Signaling Technology, 11904S), phosphorylated IRF3 (Cell Signaling Technology, D4947S), MAVS (Cell Signaling Technology, 24930S), TOMM20 (Abcam, ab56783), TFAM (Abcam, ab119684), dsDNA (Abcam, ab27156), dsRNA (Millipore, MABE1134), phosphorylated ATR (Abcam, ab223258), phosphorylated ATM (Cell Signaling Technology, 5883), the apoptosis antibody sampler kit (Cell Signaling Technology, 9915), the necroptosis antibody sampler kit (Cell Signaling Technology, 98110) and the pyroptosis antibody sampler kit (Cell Signaling Technology, 43811).
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