Total RNA was extracted from selected cells or tissues using TRIzol reagent (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Complementary DNA (cDNA) templates were synthesized using SuperScript II Reverse Transcriptase (Invitrogen). Fast Start Universal SYBR Green Master Mix (Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Mannheim, Germany) was used for qRT-PCR. The primers used to detect mRNA levels are listed in
Superscript 2 reverse transcriptase
SuperScript II Reverse Transcriptase is a reverse transcriptase enzyme used to synthesize complementary DNA (cDNA) from a single-stranded RNA template. It facilitates the conversion of RNA into cDNA, which is a crucial step in various molecular biology techniques such as gene expression analysis and cDNA library construction.
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3 887 protocols using superscript 2 reverse transcriptase
Quantitative Real-Time PCR Analysis
Total RNA was extracted from selected cells or tissues using TRIzol reagent (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Complementary DNA (cDNA) templates were synthesized using SuperScript II Reverse Transcriptase (Invitrogen). Fast Start Universal SYBR Green Master Mix (Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Mannheim, Germany) was used for qRT-PCR. The primers used to detect mRNA levels are listed in
RNA Extraction and cDNA Synthesis from Muscle Tissue
Complementary DNA (cDNA) synthesis was performed by reverse transcription using SuperScript™ II reverse transcriptase (Invitrogen, USA) as follows. Aliquots (4 μL) of total RNA were preincubated with 50 ng (1 μL) of random primer mix (Promega, USA) and 2.5 mM (1 μL) dNTP mix at 65°C for 5 min. The tubes were placed on ice, after which 4 μL of 5× first-stand buffer (250 mM Tris–HCl, pH 8.3, 375 mM KCl, 15 mM MgCl2), 2 μL of 0.1 M DTT, and 40 units (0.5 μL) of RNase inhibitor (Promega, USA) were added, followed by incubation at 42°C for 2 min. After addition of 200 units (1 μL) of SuperScript™ II reverse transcriptase (Invitrogen, USA), incubation was continued at 42°C for 50 min. Reverse transcriptase activity was terminated by incubation at 70°C for 15 min. The resulting cDNA was stored at −20°C until used in quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR).
cDNA Synthesis from Total RNA
Quantifying Th1, Th2, and Treg Gene Expression
Endothelial Cell mRNA Extraction and Analysis
Quantifying IFN-β mRNA Expression
Optimized RNA Extraction and cDNA Synthesis
The cDNA synthesis was performed according to the SuperScript™ II Reverse Transcriptase (RT) (Invitrogen) protocol. RT‐positive samples had SuperScript II RT added to them, and in RT‐negative samples, SuperScript II RT was replaced with dH2O.
Quantitative PCR for IFN-β Detection
RNA Extraction and cDNA Synthesis Protocol
Quantitative Gene Expression Analysis
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