Production of histamine from L-histidine by L. reuteri was measured via ELISA (Enzo Life Sciences, Inc., Farmingdale, NY). L. reuteri was grown overnight in MRS as described above, 1 ml aliquots of 2 × 109 CFU were pelleted at 3220 × g for 10 min, washed twice with sterile saline, and resuspended in one of the following conditions: sterile saline, saline with 3% maltose, saline with 2% v/v glycerol, 4 mg/ml L-histidine (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO), 4 mg/ml L-histidine with 3% maltose, or 4 mg/ml L-histidine with 2% v/v glycerol. 5 mg of DM containing either 4 mg/ml or 30 mg/ml L-histidine were added to media lacking L-histidine, so that the only source of L-histidine for L. reuteri was as cargo diffusing out of the DMs. Each condition was then incubated at 37°C for 2 h, after which time the contents were pelleted and the supernatant was removed for histamine quantification via a histamine ELISA kit (Enzo Life Sciences, Inc., Farmingdale, NY) following the manufacturer's instructions without modifications. All conditions were done in at least triplicate.
L histidine
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Italy, Israel, Sao Tome and Principe
L-histidine is an amino acid that can be used as a laboratory reagent. It is a white, crystalline powder that is soluble in water and has a neutral pH. L-histidine is commonly used in buffer solutions and as a building block for peptides and proteins in biochemical applications.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
L lysine, by Merck Group (44 mentions)
L arginine, by Merck Group (44 mentions)
L phenylalanine, by Merck Group (41 mentions)
L leucine, by Merck Group (36 mentions)
L glutamic acid, by Merck Group (33 mentions)
L methionine, by Merck Group (33 mentions)
L tryptophan, by Merck Group (31 mentions)
L tyrosine, by Merck Group (31 mentions)
L valine, by Merck Group (31 mentions)
L threonine, by Merck Group (29 mentions)
L serine, by Merck Group (29 mentions)
L alanine, by Merck Group (28 mentions)
L isoleucine, by Merck Group (27 mentions)
L aspartic acid, by Merck Group (27 mentions)
L glutamine, by Merck Group (23 mentions)
L proline, by Merck Group (21 mentions)
L asparagine, by Merck Group (20 mentions)
L cysteine, by Merck Group (19 mentions)
Glycine, by Merck Group (14 mentions)
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Merck Group (13 mentions)
185 protocols using l histidine
1
Histamine Production by L. reuteri
2
Singlet Oxygen Detection via RNO Bleaching
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Singlet oxygen was detected as follows method (Tian et al., 2011 (link)). Solutions containing Ce6@THMSNs, Ce6@HMSNs, or Ce6 (0, 1, 2, and 4 μg/ml of Ce6; or 0, 37.5, 75, and 150 μg/ml of HMSNs or THMSNs equivalent) were mixed with N, N-dimethyl-4-nitrosoaniline (RNO, 300 μM, Energy Chemical Inc.), L-Histidine (30 mM, Sigma-Aldrich), and PBS (10 mM, pH = 7.4). Subsequently, the solutions were irradiated for certain time periods under 655 nm laser. The absorption of RNO at 440 nm were bleached by singlet oxygen generated under irradiation, then was detected by the UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The production of singlet oxygen (1O2) was proved by the diminished optical density at 440 nm.
3
Biochemical Composition Analysis
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Sucrose (the sugar), the bitter caffeine, the amino acids L-Aspartic acid, L-Glutamic acid, L-Glutamine, L-Lysine, L-Asparagine, L-Arginine, L-Methionine, L-Glycine, L-Threonine, L-Valine, L-Proline, L-Leucine, L-Phenylalanine, L-Histidine, L-Isoleucine, L-Serine, L-Glutamic acid monosodium salt (MSG), the ribonucleotides Inosine 5′-monophosphate (IMP) and Guanosine 5′-monophosphate (GMP) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Milwaukee,USA). All the chemicals are of analytical grade (>99.5%).
4
Analytical Standards for Tea Bioactives
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Catechin (C, ≥98%), galloCatechin (GC, ≥98%), galloCatechin-3-gallate (GCG, ≥98%), epiCatechin (EC, ≥98%), epiCatechin-3-gallate (ECG, ≥98%), epigalloCatechin (EGC, ≥98%), epigalloCatechin-3-gallate (EGCG, ≥98%), caffeine (CAF, ≥98%), theaflavins (TF, ≥95%), theaflavins-3-gallate (TF3G, ≥98%), theaflavin-3′-gallate (TF3′G, ≥98%), theaflavine-3,3′-digallate (TFDG, ≥98%), quercetin-3-O-galactoside (≥98%), myricetin-3-O-galactoside (≥98%), kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside (≥98%), vitexin (≥98%), astragaloside (≥98%), quercetin (≥98%), and kaempferol (≥98%) were purchased from Shanghai yuanye Bio-Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). l -alanine, l -arginine, l -aspartic acid, l -cystine, l -glutamic acid, glycine, l -histidine, l -isoleucine, l -leucine, l -lysine, l -methionine, l -phenylalanine, l -proline, l -serine, l -threonine, l -tyrosine, l -valine, l -asparagine, l -glutamine, theanine, γ-aminobutyric acid, and l -tryptophan were purchased from Sigma (Sigma-Aldrich Co., St. Louis, MO, USA). Anthrone reagent and ninhydrin/formic acid reducing agent were purchased from BeiJing DingGuochangSheng Biotech. Co., Ltd. (Bejing, China). Ethyl caprate (≥99%) was purchased from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China), and n-alkane mixed standard C7-C40 was purchased from o2si (o2si smart solutions—an LGC Standards Company, Charleston, SC, USA).
5
Formulation of Aqueous Biopolymer Solutions
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Carboxymethylcellulose sodium salt (low viscosity), urea, meglumine, TRIS, L-lysine, L-aspartic acid, and L-histidine were bought from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Purified water, which was used for the solvent evaporation, was taken from a MilliQ Millipore filter system (Millipore Co., Bedford, MA, USA).
6
Amino Acid Analysis by UHPLC
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Sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide, acetonitrile (Ultra high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) grade), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), sodium borate, and hydrochloric acid were obtained from Panreac (Castelar del Vallés, Barcelona, Spain). Sodium acetate (anhydrous), trimethylamine (TEA), phosphoric acid, ammonium molybdate, and methyl cellulose were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Darmstadt, Germany). Standard of amino acids (L-arginine (Arg), L-alanine (Ala), L-asparagine (Asn), L-aspartic acid (Asp), glycine (Gly), L-glutamic acid (Glu), L-glutamine (Gln), L-histidine (His), L-isoLeucine (Ileu), Leucine (Leu), L-Lysine (Lys), L-norvaline (Nor), L-phenylalanine (Phe), L-proline (Pro), L-serine (Ser), L-threonine (Thr), L-tryptophan (Trp), L-tyrosine (Tyr), and L-valine (Val)) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). All the other chemicals and reagents used were of analytical grade.
7
Amino Acid and Carbohydrate Analysis
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Chemicals and reagents l ‐Arginine (≥98 %), l ‐asparagine (>99 %), l ‐histidine (98 %), l ‐lysine (>98 %), and d ‐(−)‐ribose (98 %) were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). Urea (100 %) was obtained from Beckmann Coulter (Krefeld, Germany). LC‐MS grade methanol and acetonitrile were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Formic acid (LC‐MS grade) and ammonium formate (10 m stock solution) were obtained from Sigma–Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). MilliQ‐purified water (18.2 MΩ; Millipore, Germany) was used throughout the experiments.
8
Oxidative Valorization of Lignin-Rich Biomass
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Copper chloride dihydrate (CuCl2·2H2O), methanol (99.5%, MeOH), and ENR (100 mg) were purchased from Shanghai Maclean Biochemical Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Tert-butanol (≥99%, TBA), p-benzoquinone (99%, PBQ), peroxymonosulfate (≥42%, KHSO5·0.5KHSO4·0.5K2SO4), potassium iodide (>99.0%, KI), sodium thiosulfate (99.99%), NaOH, H2SO4, NaHCO3, and Na2SO4 were purchased from Shanghai Aladdin Bio-Chem Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). L-histidine (≥99%, L-His) was purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Shanghai, China) Trading Co. The straw was obtained from Jiangsu Lianfeng Agricultural Products Deep Processing Co. (Zhangjiagang, China). The above reagents and other reagents used in this study were of analytical grade or higher and were not purified for direct use.
9
Radiolabeled Cefadroxil Uptake Assay
10
Yeast Strain Manipulation Protocol
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The parental wild-type yeast strain used in this study was BY4741. All gene deletions, genomic integrations, and plasmid transformations were done in this background using standard methods. For a complete list of strains used, see S1 Table .
Yeast cultures were grown at 30°C in YPD or synthetic defined (SD) media with appropriate nutrient dropouts. SD media used for growth of yeast cultures contained: 2% w/v dextrose (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA), 13.4 g/L Yeast Nitrogen Base without Amino Acids (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA), 0.03 g/L L-isoleucine (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO), 0.15 g/L L-valine (Sigma-Aldrich), 0.04 g/L adenine hemisulfate (Sigma-Aldrich), 0.02 g/L L-arginine (Sigma-Aldrich), 0.03 g/L L-lysine (Sigma-Aldrich), 0.05 g/L L-phenylalanine (Sigma-Aldrich), 0.2 g/L L-Threonine (Sigma-Aldrich), 0.03 g/L L-tyrosine (Sigma-Aldrich), 0.018 g/L L-histidine (Sigma-Aldrich), 0.09 g/L L-leucine (Sigma-Aldrich), 0.018 g/L L-methionine (Sigma-Aldrich), 0.036 g/L L-tryptophan (Sigma-Aldrich), and 0.018 g/L uracil (Sigma-Aldrich). Media additionally contained 5 mM or 10 mM guanidinium hydrochloride (Sigma-Aldrich) where indicated and bortezomib (LC Laboratories, Woburn, MA) treatment lasted 4 hours.
Yeast cultures were grown at 30°C in YPD or synthetic defined (SD) media with appropriate nutrient dropouts. SD media used for growth of yeast cultures contained: 2% w/v dextrose (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA), 13.4 g/L Yeast Nitrogen Base without Amino Acids (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA), 0.03 g/L L-isoleucine (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO), 0.15 g/L L-valine (Sigma-Aldrich), 0.04 g/L adenine hemisulfate (Sigma-Aldrich), 0.02 g/L L-arginine (Sigma-Aldrich), 0.03 g/L L-lysine (Sigma-Aldrich), 0.05 g/L L-phenylalanine (Sigma-Aldrich), 0.2 g/L L-Threonine (Sigma-Aldrich), 0.03 g/L L-tyrosine (Sigma-Aldrich), 0.018 g/L L-histidine (Sigma-Aldrich), 0.09 g/L L-leucine (Sigma-Aldrich), 0.018 g/L L-methionine (Sigma-Aldrich), 0.036 g/L L-tryptophan (Sigma-Aldrich), and 0.018 g/L uracil (Sigma-Aldrich). Media additionally contained 5 mM or 10 mM guanidinium hydrochloride (Sigma-Aldrich) where indicated and bortezomib (LC Laboratories, Woburn, MA) treatment lasted 4 hours.
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