Axio scope a1 microscope

Samples of organs and tissues were fixed in 10% neutral formalin solution for at least 48 h, then washed in running tap water, dehydrated in ascending alcohols, and embedded in paraffin. Paraffin sections 3–5 μm thick, stained with hematoxylin and eosin, were examined using conventional light microscopy on an AxioScopeA1 microscope (Carl Zeiss, Germany). To assess the severity of histological changes, a scoring scale was used (Breljak et al., 2015 (link)).

The ovules or seeds were dissected out of the achenes under a stereomicroscope from T0 transgenic plants. More than 10 samples per tissue and developmental stage were examined. Representative images are shown in the figures. Receptacles and roots were also collected from T0 plants. The tissues were stored in cold 90% acetone during dissection and then kept at room temperature for 20 min. Next, acetone was removed and GUS staining solution (1 mM X-glucuronic acid, 0.1 mM EDTA, 0.1% Triton X-100, and 10 mM (for seed) or 2mM (for root) potassium ferri/ferrocyanide in 100 mM phosphate buffer, pH 7.0) was added to submerge all the material. After 30 min of vacuum, tissues were incubated overnight at 37 °C. The samples were then mounted on clearing solution (chloral hydrate: glycerol: H₂O: 8:1:1) for 5 h and observed under differential interference contrast (DIC) optics using a Zeiss Axioscope A1 microscope with a ×0.5 optical adapter. The images were captured, analysed, and exported using ZEN2.3.

Candida albicans (1.0 × 10⁵ cells/ml) was incubated with fluorescein-labeled 7.8 μM Q-GRFT overnight, followed by DAPI (4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) staining. The cells were then fixed in 37% formaldehyde, mounted on glass slides, and visualized using an AxioScope.A1 microscope (Carl Zeiss MicroImaging GmbH).

Apoptotic death in HMEC-1 cells was assessed by the visualization of chromatin condensation after nuclear staining. Cells used for apoptosis analysis were cultured in 6-well plates. After exposure to B[a]P and/or microalgal extracts, the cells were stained with 50 μg/mL Hoechst 33,342 in the dark at 37 °C for 30 min; cells were then examined by fluorescence microscopy (ZEISS Axio Scope A1 microscope). Over 300 cells in randomly selected microscopic fields were analyzed per condition of treatment.

HeLa and HEK293T cell lines were obtained from the Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (Beijing, China). Cells was maintained in MEM medium supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS), 2 mM L-glutamine, 100 U/ ml penicillin and 100 μg/ml streptomycin (Solarbio, China) at 37 °C in a 5% CO2 incubator [33 (link)]. The recombinant plasmid pReceiver-Lv201 was transfected into HEK293T cells with lentivirus packaging mix plasmids to pack the expression lentivirus using polyetherimide (PEI) which has been described previously [34 (link)]. The recombinant plasmid pReceiver-Lv201 was transfected into HEK293T cells with lentivirus packaging mix plasmids to pack the expression lentivirus using polyetherimide (PEI) which has been described previously. The healing of scratches was observed and photographed using Zeiss AxioScope A1 microscope.