Isomet

Manufactured by Buehler

Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom

The Isomet is a precision sectioning saw designed for cutting materials for microscopic analysis or sample preparation. It features a variable-speed motor and a micrometer-controlled feed system to allow for precise control of the cutting process.

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Close spelling variants of this product

Isomet 1000 (255 citations) Isomet 5000 (37 citations) Isomet saw (26 citations) Isomet 1000 Precision Saw (24 citations) Isomet 5000 saw (11 citations) Isomet diamond saw (7 citations) Isomet-Slow Speed Bone Cutter (6 citations) Isomet 4000 Linear Precision Saw (5 citations) ISOMET low speed saw cutting machine (5 citations) Isomet low-speed diamond saw (4 citations)

286 protocols using isomet

Preparing Superficial and Deep Dentin Specimens

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In order to prepare superficial dentin specimens (SD), the occlusal surface of 30 teeth were flattened with a diamond saw (Isomet; Buehler, Lake Bluff, IL, USA). Then it was grounded with 200 grit abrasive paper until the entire enamel was removed and the occlusal dentin was exposed. The roots were also removed 2 mm below the cementoenamel (CEJ) junction.
To obtain deep dentin (DD) specimens, in the remaining 30 teeth two cuts parallel with occlusal surface of the teeth, one 2 mm above the CEJ and the other 2 mm below the CEJ, were made using a diamond saw (Isomet; Buehler, Lake Bluff, IL, USA). Then the occlusal surface of the specimens was grounded with 400-grit silicon carbide papers to reach a remaining dentin thickness of 0.9±0.1 mm. The thickness of remaining dentin was measured manually with a dental gauge caliper (stainless steel Iwanson caliper, 0-10mm, Neuhausen, Germany) in the areas corresponding to the hieghst pulp horn.
Superficial and deep dentin specimens were then sectioned prependicuar to the abraded surface to obtain an equal-sized surface area of 5×5 mm and were further abraded with 600-grit silicon carbide paper to create a uniform smear layer. All the preparations were carried out under water cooling.

Firouzmandi M DMD, M.S.c.D, & Khashaei S. (2020). Knoop Hardness of Self-Etch Adhesives Applied on Superficial and Deep Dentin. Journal of Dentistry, 21(1), 42-47.

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Bovine Enamel Specimen Preparation

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One hundred and ten bovine mandibular incisors without cracks or caries were collected. The teeth were cleaned and stored in 0.1% thymol solution up to 1 month after extraction. The enamel surfaces were flattened (5 × 5 mm) on a water-cooled mechanical grinding machine using 340- and 600-grit Al₂O₃ abrasive paper (Aropol E, Arotec S.A, Ind.&Com., São Paulo, Brazil). The roots were cut 1 mm below the cement enamel junction using a diamond disc (Isomet, Buehler Ltd., Lake Bluff, IL, USA) and discarded. The teeth crowns were cut using a diamond disc (Isomet, Buehler Ltd, Lake Bluff, IL, USA.) to obtain blocks of enamel (5 × 5 mm).

Guimarães T.G., Feitosa V.P., Rifane T.O., Sfalcin R.A., Guimarães B.M, & Correr A.B. (2022). Effects of Alternative Solvents in Experimental Enamel Infiltrants on Bond Strength and Selected Properties. BioMed Research International, 2022, 4293975.

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Microtensile Bond Strength Evaluation

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After storage, the roots were removed using a diamond point (#105R, Shofu, Kyoto, Japan), and the pulp tissue was removed from its coronal parts. The specimens were longitudinally sectioned into 1-mm-thick slabs using a low-speed diamond saw (Isomet, Buehler, Lake Bluff, IL, USA) under water cooling. Two slabs were obtained from each specimen, and each slab was sectioned into two beams using a lowspeed diamond saw (Isomet, Buehler) (Figs. 1d-f). The cross-sectional area of the beam was approximately 1 mm 2 . A total of 20 beams were obtained for each respective experimental group and the controls (n=20). The beam samples were attached to the testing device (Bencor-multi-T, Danville Engineering, San Ramon CA, USA) with cyanoacrylate (Model Repair Pink, Dentsply-Sankin, Tochigi, Japan), which was placed onto a tabletop material tester (EZ Test 500N, Shimadzu), and then subjected to μTBS testing at a 0.5 mm/min crosshead speed.

Takada M., Shinkai K., Kato C, & Suzuki M. (2015). Bond strength of composite resin to enamel and dentin prepared with Er,Cr:YSGG laser. Dental materials journal, 34(6).

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Vancomycin Extraction from Iontophoresed Bone

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Following iontophoresis, the bone segments were washed in distilled
water and dried before a central ring of 2 mm was cut from the iontophoresed bone
using a slow speed diamond saw (Buehler IsoMet; Buehler Ltd., Lake
Bluff, Illinois). This was then placed on an agar plate flooded
with a heavy suspension of sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (S.
aureus) for qualitative analysis (Fig. 3). A small amount
of bone dust was then ground from the two cut ends of the tibia.
A magnet was passed over the powder (to remove any impurities from
the filing) and 2 ml of distilled water was added to a measured
mass (0.01g) of the powdered sample. This was then agitated using
ultrasound for 30 minutes. After centrifuging, the supernatant fluid
was removed. A further 2 ml of fluid was added and the agitation
and centrifuging process was repeated twice more, the last (4th)
was left to soak for 12 hours before centrifuging. The specimens
were refrigerated to 4°C during this period to minimise degradation. Pilot
studies established that no further vancomycin could be extracted
after this process.
The supernatant solutions were analysed for vancomycin using
fluorescence polarisation immunoassay (Abbott Axsym Analyser; Abbott
Laboratories, Abbott Park, Illinois).

Edmondson M.C., Day R, & Wood D. (2014). Vancomycin iontophoresis of allograft bone. Bone & Joint Research, 3(4), 101-107.

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Raman Spectroscopy of Sesamoid Bone

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The medial sesamoid of the contralateral limb of the fracture group (n = 8) and the medial sesamoid of a randomly assigned limb in the control group (n = 8) were selected for Raman spectroscopy. Samples were cut into five parasagittal sections using a low-speed saw (Buehler IsoMet, Buehler, Lake Bluff, IL, USA) and stored at −20 °C until further processing. A 2 to 4-mm-thick section just axial to the mid-sagittal section was selected for Raman spectroscopy to maximize the surface area. These sections were adhered to a metal sample holder using mounting wax (Allied High Tech Products Inc., Rancho Dominguez, CA, USA) and polished on an automated/semi-automated polishing system (MultiPrep^TM, Allied High Tech Products, Inc., Rancho Dominguez, CA, USA), using decreasing particle sizes of diamond wafer paper (30-micron to 3-micron, Allied High Tech Products, Inc., Rancho Dominguez, CA, USA), followed by 0.3-micron alumina slurry (Allied High Tech Products, Inc., Rancho Dominguez, CA, USA). Samples were sonicated in isopropyl alcohol to remove abrasive particles, removed from the sample holder, wrapped in lens paper, and stored at −20 °C in saline-soaked gauze until the time of characterization with Raman spectroscopy.

Noordwijk K.J., Chen L., Ruspi B.D., Schurer S., Papa B., Fasanello D.C., McDonough S.P., Palmer S.E., Porter I.R., Basran P.S., Donnelly E, & Reesink H.L. (2023). Metacarpophalangeal Joint Pathology and Bone Mineral Density Increase with Exercise but Not with Incidence of Proximal Sesamoid Bone Fracture in Thoroughbred Racehorses. Animals : an Open Access Journal from MDPI, 13(5), 827.

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Histological Analysis of Osteocyte Lacunae

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The left tibia was cleaned of non-osseous tissue and simultaneously histologically dehydrated and stained with 1% basic fuchsin (33 (link)). Tibias were then cleared with acetone and embedded in PMMA. Embedded samples were sectioned 1 mm proximal to the tibia-fibula junction with a low-speed saw, with care taken to obtain a consistent cut transverse to the long axis for each sample (Buehler Isomet, Buehler, Lake Bluff, IL). A ground section was prepared from the distal section with target thickness of 200 μm (Exakt 400 CS, Exakt Technologies Inc, Oklahoma City, OK). Final sections had thicknesses of 195 μm ± 3 μm. Additional samples were prepared with a variety of thicknesses in order to assess the dependence of measures on specimen thickness and number of visualized osteocyte lacunae.
Confocal imaging of ground sections was performed in transmission with a Zeiss LSM 710 confocal laser scanning microscope, with 555 nm excitation, 568-1000 nm bandpass filter, and 40x oil-immersion objective. Stacks of 2D images with dimensions of 5.24 × 10⁴ μm² (512 × 512 pixels, scale 0.447 μm / pixel) were obtained through the visible range of osteocyte lacunae (~70-115 μm of imaging depth) with 0.484 μm between slices. The region of interest was the same for all bones and is shown in Figure 2. All imaging was performed blinded to specimen age.

Heveran C.M., Rauff A., King K.B., Carpenter R.D, & Ferguson V.L. (2018). A new open-source tool for measuring 3D osteocyte lacunar geometries from confocal laser scanning microscopy reveals age-related changes to lacunar size and shape in cortical mouse bone. Bone, 110, 115-127.

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Pedicle Anatomical Characterization

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Six fresh-frozen lumbar spines (3M/3F, L1-L5) were procured from an accredited tissue bank (Science Care, Phoenix, AZ). The donors had a mean age 60.2±7.2 years old; (range: 50–67 years old); and all were free from spine-related conditions or spine surgery (Table 1). The Institutional Review Board at Rush University Medical Center exempted this study because it involves cadaveric human tissue. The specimens were stored at -20°C and were removed from the freezer one day before testing and allowed to thaw slowly at room temperature. The left and right pedicles of each vertebra from L1 to L5 were removed at the pedicle-vertebral body junction and the pedicle-lamina junction maintaining the tissue and ligaments around the pedicles using a low-speed diamond-coated wafer blade (Buehler IsoMet, Buehler, Lake Bluff, IL). A total of sixty lumbar pedicles (L1-L5) were obtained and included in this study.

Irie T.Y., Irie T., Espinoza Orías A.A., Segami K., Iwasaki N., An H.S, & Inoue N. (2021). Micro-computed tomography analysis of the lumbar pedicle wall. PLoS ONE, 16(7), e0253019.

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Synchrotron X-ray Analysis of Peacock Mantis Shrimp Telson

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Specimens of peacock mantis shrimp (Odontodactylus scyllarus) from the tropical Indo-Pacific were purchased from a commercial supplier (Tropical Marine Centre, London) and stored frozen at −20 °C till use. Before sample sectioning, the telson shells were dissected from defrosted specimens with a scalpel, which were also rinsed in artificial seawater to remove any loose organic debris, and briefly rinsed with deionized water to remove any residual salt. The artificial sea water was prepared using the composition and protocols reported in the literature57 (link). For the synchrotron X-ray diffraction measurements, telson shells were sectioned into 1 mm thickness specimens using a low-speed diamond saw (Buehler Isomet, Buehler, Duesseldorf, Germany). Sectioning was done under constant irrigation with deionized water to minimize tissue damage. The samples were sectioned in the plane perpendicular to the long-axis of the specimen, parallel to the medial axis of the telson (Fig. 1). The telsons from three different specimens of comparable size were analysed using the model developed. As the modelling results and fibrillar gradients showed qualitatively similar results for all three telsons, the results for a single telson are presented here.

Zhang Y., Paris O., Terrill N.J, & Gupta H.S. (2016). Uncovering three-dimensional gradients in fibrillar orientation in an impact-resistant biological armour. Scientific Reports, 6, 26249.

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Specimen Preparation for SEM-EDX Analysis

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At the date of testing, the specimens for SEM-EDX analysis were carefully removed from the solution and dried at 40 °C in a drying oven (UT6P Heraeus, ThermoFisher, Waltham, MA, USA) until mass constancy. Orthogonally to the exposed surface of the specimen, 1 cm thick sections with a length of 2 cm were dry cut with a low-speed diamond-tipped precision cutter (IsoMetTM, Buehler, Esslingen am Neckar, Germany). The cross-sections were impregnated with a low viscosity epoxy resin (Epofix, Struers, Cleveland, OH, USA), which had been cured at 40 °C for 24 h before polishing with a polishing machine (Labo-Force 100, Struers, Cleveland, OH, USA). Polishing was performed with a resin-bonded diamond disc (hardness range: HV 150 to 2000) at a rotational speed of 300 rpm to reveal the epoxy-coated surface of the specimen. For the final polishing, an automated polycrystalline diamond spray was applied at a rotational speed of 150 rpm.

Vogt O., Ukrainczyk N, & Koenders E. (2021). Effect of Silica Fume on Metakaolin Geopolymers’ Sulfuric Acid Resistance. Materials, 14(18), 5396.

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Standardized Dentin Preparation for Microtensile Bond Strength

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All third human molars were sectioned horizontally at the coronal 1/3 of the crown to expose the middle dentin with a low-speed diamond saw (Isomet^TM; Buehler, Evanston, IL, USA) with a cutting speed of 200 rpm under water lubricant. Then, the root 2 mm below Cementoenamel junction (CEJ) was embedded in self-cured acrylic resin parallel to the CEJ level. The exposed middle flat dentin was perpendicular to the long axis of the tooth and load direction. The cutting surface of each tooth was polished in a linear motion (10 cm stroking) by silicon carbide paper 600 grit under running water for 30 s each, creating a standardized smear layer. Then, the remaining dentin thickness of 1.5 mm was monitored using radiographic examination. The obtained sticks with peripheral enamel or with a remaining dentin thickness of less than 1.5 mm were excluded from the microtensile bond strength test.

Limvisitsakul A., Thitthaweerat S, & Senawongse P. (2021). The Influence of Blade Type and Feeding Force during Resin Bonded Dentin Specimen Preparation on the Microtensile Bond Strength Test. Micromachines, 12(4), 450.

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