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31 protocols using paclitaxel

1

Chemotherapy-induced cell sorting

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HCT-116CasE cells were treated with 20 nM paclitaxel (Cat# HY-B0015, MedChemExpress) for 24 h or with 0.5 μM 5′-fluorouracil (Cat# HY-90006, MedChemExpress) for 12 h. HT-29CasE cells were treated with 10 nM paclitaxel for 24 h. The treatment medium was then replaced with fresh growth medium to allow cells to recover. After 48 h recovery, cells were applied to fluorescence activating cell sorting (FACS) on Moflo Astrios EQ (Beckman Coulter, Brea, CA) to collect ZsGreen+ and ZsGreen cells. To obtain the control population, HCT-116CasE or HT-29CasE cells were treated with 0.1% DMSO for 24 h, recovered in regular growth medium for 48 h, then applied to FACS. 1 μg/mL doxycycline was added to cells 6 h before treatment with chemotherapeutic drugs or 0.1% DMSO and removed together with them. All the addition or removal of chemicals was accompanied by medium change.
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2

Adriamycin-resistant DLBCL Cell Line Cultivation

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The human DLBCL cell line (Pfeiffer) and the Adriamycin-resistant cell line (Pfeiffer/ADM) were generously donated by Professor Cen Hong (Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University) [21 ]. The cells were cultured in an RPMI-1640 medium (Gibco, NY, USA) containing 10% fetal bovine serum (Gibco, NY, USA) and a 1% penicillamine mixture (Solarbio, Beijing, China) in an incubator set at 37°C and supplied with 5% CO2. Paclitaxel and Adriamycin were purchased from MedChemExpress Company (MCE, NJ, USA).
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3

In vitro and In vivo Cytotoxicity Assay

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In vitro, UTD1, Paclitaxel, and 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) (stock solution 10 mg/ml) were diluted in complete medium according to required concentration before use. Complete medium was used as control. In vivo, drugs were diluted in 0.9% sodium chloride aqueous solution before administration. And 0.9% sodium chloride aqueous solution was used as control. RPMI-1640 medium, FBS, and crystal violet were purchased from SIGMA. PI/RNase Staining Buffer and FITC Annexin V Apoptosis Detection Kit were purchased from BD Biosciences. Paclitaxel, 5-FU, Z-VAD-FMK, SP600125, and Trolox were purchased from Med Chem Express (Shanghai, China). Antibodies against cyclinB1, CDC2, P21, PARP, Cleaved caspase-3, cytochrome C, phospho-JNK, Ki-67, Drp1, Mitofusin-2, and secondary antibody were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Beverly, MA, USA). CyclinA2, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), α-Tubulin, and secondary antibody were purchased from Abcam (UK).
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4

Propofol Cytotoxicity Assay Protocol

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Propofol (Sigma, USA) was stored at room temperature, and two series of various concentrations of Propofol (clinically relevant concentrations: 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 μM; high concentrations: 0, 100, 200, 400, 600, and 800 μM) were applied in the cell viability assay. Paclitaxel (MedChemExpress, USA) was stored at −80°C. The diaminobenzidine (DAB) substrate kit was obtained from Zhongshan Goldenbridge (China). The primary antibodies utilized were as follows: rabbit anti‐β‐tubulin (1:2000, ABclonal, AC008, China), rabbit anti‐stathmin 1 (1:1000, Abcam, ab52630, USA) and rabbit anti‐GAPDH (1:2000, CST, #5174, USA). The secondary antibody was a horseradish peroxidase‐conjugated goat anti‐rabbit antibody (1:2000, Biosharp, USA).
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5

Quercetin Cytotoxicity Evaluation Protocol

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Quercetin (Sigma, USA) was prepared into a 200 mM stock using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and stored at −20°C. The working concentration of 200 μM Quercetin was made in a complete medium, and a range of concentrations of Quercetin (10, 20, 50, 100, 150 and 200 μM) was utilized in cell viability assay. Cisplatin (Sigma, USA) and paclitaxel (MedChemExpress, USA) were stored at −20°C, while 5-fluorouracil (Solarbio, China) and doxorubicin (Solarbio, China) were stored at 4°C. Primary antibodies for MMP2 (monoclonal rabbit anti-human antibody; 1:1000), ezrin (polyclonal rabbit anti-human; 1:1000) and GAPDH (monoclonal rabbit anti-human antibody; 1:1000) were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology, and P-Gp (monoclonal rabbit anti-human antibody; 1:1000) and METTL3 (monoclonal rabbit anti-human antibody; 1:1000) were purchased from Abcam (1:1000, USA); and the second antibody, peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-rabbit antibody, was obtained from Biosharp (1:5000, USA). Diaminobenzidine (DAB) Substrate Kit was purchased from Zhongshan Goldenbridge (China).
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6

Cell Viability Assay with Cytotoxic Agents

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Cell viability was determined by CCK8 cytotoxicity assay. Briefly, cells were seeded in 96-well plates at 5000 cells/well and treated with at 37°C with Ispinesib (0, 30, 60, 120 or 240 nM, MedChem Express, Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA, Cat No.HY-50759), Paclitaxel (0, 10, 20, 40 or 80 nM, MedChem Express, Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA, Cat No. HY-B0015) and Epothilone-b (0, 40, 80, 160 or 320 nM, MedChem Express, Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA, Cat No. HY-17029) for 24 h, respectively. Cells were incubated with CCK8 (10 μl/well) for 2 h at 37°C and then spectrophotometrically quantified at 450 nm.
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7

Cell Viability and Invasion Assays

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The cell viability, colony formation, cell cycle, cell migration, and invasion assays were performed as described previously [20 (link)]. PI3K inhibitor GDC-0941 was purchased from ApexBio (Shanghai, China) [8 (link)], 5-Fluorouracil and paclitaxel were purchased from Med Chem Express (Shanghai, China).
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8

Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel Antitumor Taxoids

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Paclitaxel was purchased from MedChemExpress (Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA). Five novel 3rdgeneration 3'-di uorivinyltaxoids (DFV-taxoids) were knindly provided by Dr. Changwei Wang (Stony Brook University, USA), and their chemical structure was shown in Fig. 1a.
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9

Investigating PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling

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Gemcitabine and paclitaxel were purchased from MedChemExpress LLC. Protease inhibitor cocktail and phosphatase inhibitor cocktail were purchased from APExBIO Technology LLC. Primary antibodies against p-mTOR, mTOR, p-AKT, AKT, p-PI3K, PI3K, MDR1, cleaved caspase-3, Beclin-1, LC3A/B and GAPDH were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.
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10

Characterization of Anti-Cancer Compounds

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The human colorectal cancer cell lines, HCT116 and LoVo, the breast cancer cell line, T47D, the hepatocellular carcinoma cell line, HepG2, the normal human liver cell line, HL7702, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and the non-small cell lung cancer cell lines, A549, H1993, HCC827, H460, were purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA, United States). Cell lines were cultured in the recommended RPMI-1640 medium (AE24464298, Hyclone, United States) and DMEM medium (AE29422278, Hyclone, United States) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS; JC63470, FB15015, Clark, United States) with 1% penicillin-streptomycin. Cells were maintained in an incubator at 37°C with 5% CO2 (HF90,Sanyo, Japan) and passaged every 48–72 h, after detaching with 0.25% trypsin (Sigma, United States). The compounds ZLDI-8 and NY-1 to -15 were synthesized in the laboratory of Dr. Huaiwei Ding in Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, and verified by high-performance liquid chromatography (purity >95%) for use in experiments (Supplementary Figure S1). Paclitaxel was purchased from MedChemExpress (HY-B0015, 99.97% purity, United States).
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