Azobisisobutyronitrile aibn

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United States

Azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) is a white, crystalline solid compound that is commonly used as a free radical initiator in chemical reactions. It functions by decomposing at elevated temperatures to generate free radicals, which can then initiate polymerization or other radical-based processes.

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Close spelling variants of this product

Azobisisobutyronitrile (149 citations) 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) (35 citations) Dimethyl-γ-butyrolactone acrylate (DBA), glycidyl methacrylate (GMA), acrylic acid (AA), 2,2’-azobis(2-methylpropionitrile) (azobisisobutyronitrile, AIBN), N,N’-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA), piperazine (PiP), glycine (2 citations)

34 protocols using azobisisobutyronitrile aibn

Synthesis of block copolymers via RAFT

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Technical grade monomers styrene (St, 99%–100% purity, inhibitor 4-tert-butylcatechol (TBC)), and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (2EHA) were used to synthesize the block copolymers. Stearyl acrylate monomer (SA, Sigma Aldrich, Madrid, Spain) was used as a costabilizer to prevent Ostwald ripening. Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃, Aldrich) was added as a buffer to control the miniemulsion viscosity by reducing the electrostatic interactions among droplets. Alkyldiphenyloxide disulfonate (Dowfax 2A, 45 wt.% active content, DOW Chemicals, Midland, MI, USA) and Disponil A3065 (65 wt.% active content, BASF Company, Ludwigshafen, Germany) were used as surfactants to stabilize the droplets. To initiate the polymerization, azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN, purity 98%, Sigma Aldrich) was used as an oil soluble thermal initiator. A monofunctional RAFT agent 2-(((dodecylthio)carbonothioyl)thio)propanoic acid (BM1430) was purchased from Boron Molecular and used to mediate the polymerization. All the chemicals were used as received. Deionized MilliQ water was used as polymerization media. To quench the reaction in the samples withdrawn from the reactor at certain time intervals, 1 wt.% hydroquinone (HQ, purity 99%, Fisher Scientific, Madrid, Spain) water solution was used. Tetrahydrofuran (THF, 99.9% GPC, Scharlab, Barcelona, Spain) was used as solvent for the GPC analysis.

Siljanovska Petreska G., van Sluijs C., Auschra C, & Paulis M. (2020). Design of Waterborne Asymmetric Block Copolymers as Thermoresponsive Materials. Polymers, 12(6), 1253.

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Multifunctional Polymeric Biomaterials

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1,4-Butanediol diacrylate (BDA) (90%, Sigma
Aldrich), 5-amino-1-pentanol (AP) (95%, Sigma Aldrich), 5-norbornene-2-methylamine
(mixture of isomers, TCL), d-(+)-glucosamine hydrochloride
(Sigma Aldrich), methacryloyl chloride (97%, Sigma Aldrich, contains
200 ppm monomethyl ether hydroquinone as a stabilizer), potassium
carbonate (Alfa Aesar),HEMA (Sigma Aldrich), 4-cyano-4-[(dodecylsulfanylthiocarbonyl)sulfanyl]pentanoic
acid (97%, HPLC, Sigma Aldrich), azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) (98%,
Sigma Aldrich), N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) (Sigma Aldrich), N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) (Merck), triethyl amine (Et₃N) (Sigma Aldrich), and all other chemicals were of analytical
grade, obtained from commercial suppliers, and used without further
purification unless otherwise specified. Tetrazine amine (Tz-NH₂) was synthesized according to our previous study.^{58 (link)}

Sahkulubey Kahveci E.L., Kahveci M.U., Celebi A., Avsar T, & Derman S. (2022). Glycopolymer and Poly(β-amino ester)-Based Amphiphilic Block Copolymer as a Drug Carrier. Biomacromolecules, 23(11), 4896-4908.

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Peptide-Doxorubicin Conjugate Synthesis

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Modified peptide sequences: N- terminal (5-azidopentanoic acid)- YCAYYSPRHKTTF and N- terminal (5-azidopentanoic acid)-SPWPRPTY were synthesised at the Australian Biobest Biotechnology Service. Doxorubicin hydrochloride, trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), methacryloyl chloride, tert-butyl carbazate, 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC·HCl), and 4,4'-azobis(4-cyanopentanoic acid) were bought from Sigma Aldrich and used directly without any purification. Cyanine-5.5 amine was purchased from Lumiprobe. Azobis(isobutyronitrile) (AIBN; Sigma Aldrich) was recrystallized twice from methanol before use. Solvents including n-hexane, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane (DCM), dimethylformamide (DMF), diethyl ether, pyridine, tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile and methanol were used dry where applicable and of reagent grade quality. Poly(ethylene glycol methacrylate) (PEGMA, MW = 475 g·mol^-1) and, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) were purified to remove radical inhibitors before use by passing through a basic alumina column. Ultrapure water (18.2 MΩ.cm at 25 °C) was obtained from an Elga ultra-pure water system.

Zhao Y., Fletcher N.L., Liu T., Gemmell A.C., Houston Z.H., Blakey I, & Thurecht K.J. (2018). In vivo therapeutic evaluation of polymeric nanomedicines: effect of different targeting peptides on therapeutic efficacy against breast cancer. Nanotheranostics, 2(4), 360-370.

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Synthesis of Organic Compounds

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Example 1

Phenylmagnesium bromide (PMB) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich at a 3M concentration in diethyl ether. Carbon disulfide was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich at 99% purity. 3-Chloro-2-butanone was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich at 97% purity. Potassium phosphate was purchased from Fisher Scientific at 97% purity. HPLC grade acetone was purchased from Fisher Scientific. Ethanethiol was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich at 97% purity. Styrene and n-butyl acrylate were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich at 99% purity. Initiators azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) and di-tert-butyl peroxide (TBP) were all purchased from Sigma Aldrich.

US10968173B2. Thiocarbonylthio compounds as chain transfer agents suitable for raft polymerization (2021-04-06). IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC. [US]. Inventors: Eric W. Cochran [US], Nacu Hernandez [US], Michael Forrester [US], Austin Hohmann [US].

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Capillary-Based Polymer Monolith Synthesis

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Fused silica capillaries of 100 and 25 μm internal diameter and 375 μm outer diameter (TSP100375 and TSP025375, respectively) were purchased from Composite Metal Services (Ilkley, Worcester, UK).
Trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TRIM), butyl methacrylate (BMA), EDMA and azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN, were purchased from Sigma Aldrich Chemie GmbH (Steinheim, Germany). 3-(Trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate (γ-MAPS) was from Fluka (Buchs, Switzerland). Sodium hydroxide, methanol, acetone, toluene and thiourea (all analytical grade) were purchased from Polskie Odczynniki Chemiczne (POCh, Gliwice, Poland). Acetonitrile (HPLC grade) was from J.T. Baker (Witko, Łódź, Poland). Deionized water was produced in our laboratory using Milli-Q (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA) water purification system. Carbon dioxide (purity 4.6) was purchased from BOC (Mysłowice, Poland).

Szumski M, & Buszewski B. (2014). Preparation of Monolithic Capillary Chromatographic Columns Using Supercritical Fluid as a Porogen Solvent. Chromatographia, 77(15), 1009-1017.

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Synthesis of ABA Polymer via RAFT

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HEA, tert-butyl acrylate (t-BA), n-butyl acrylate (n-BA) monomers, and a dual-functional chain transfer agent (CTA) S,S-dibenzyl trithiocarbonate (DBTTC) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. DBTTC was used to expedite the synthesis of the ABA polymer for multistep processing (43 ). Azobis (isobutyronitrile) (AIBN), a radical initiator, was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and recrystallized from methanol before use.

Kim T.H., Zhou Z., Choi Y.S., Costanza V., Wang L., Bahng J.H., Higdon N.J., Yun Y., Kang H., Kim S, & Daraio C. (2023). Flexible biomimetic block copolymer composite for temperature and long-wave infrared sensing. Science Advances, 9(6), eade0423.

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Casting and Crosslinking of Organofoam Polymers

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OFP polymers can be dissolved in dimethylacetamide, dimethylformamide, methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), or THF. It was found that MEK produced the best textured surface on OFP films. Herein we used MEK (VWR Chemicals BDH) as the solvent for casting the OFP films. Briefly, OFP (~10% (w/v)) and X-OFP (~4% (w/v)) solutions were prepared in MEK with stirring for 12 hrs. Azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN, Sigma-Aldrich) (5%) was the reagent for the initiation of crosslinking reactions was added to X-OFP solutions. Polymer solutions were cast on a smooth silicone mold (polydimethylsiloxane, PDMS)^{30 (link)} and cured under vacuum overnight. Two additional layers were added and each layer was dried and cured at room temperature under vacuum. To make the crosslinked X-OFP materials, the X-OFP films were placed in a UV reactor with wavelength 254 nm under continuous N₂ flow for 2 hrs. All the films were soaked in Millipore water to separate them from the PDMS molds and dried and were stored in petri dishes before use.

Xu L.C., Chen C., Zhu J., Tang M., Chen A., Allcock H.R, & Siedlecki C.A. (2020). New Crosslinkable Poly[bis(octafluoropentoxy) phosphazene] Biomaterials: Synthesis, Surface Characterization, Bacterial Adhesion, and Plasma Coagulation Responses. Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials, 108(8), 3250-3260.

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Synthesis and Purification of 1-Vinyl-1,2,4-Triazole

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1-Vinyl-1,2,4-triazole was synthesized and purified according to method [41 (link)]. Na-VSA (98.9%, Sigma-Aldrich, Munich, Germany) was used as comonomer without further cleaning. AgNO₃ (99.9%, Sigma-Aldrich) was used as a precursor to nanoparticles in the generation of AgNPs. NaBH₄, azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN), and DMSO (Sigma-Aldrich) were used as the reducing agent, radical initiator, and solvent, respectively.

Pozdnyakov A., Emel’yanov A., Ivanova A., Kuznetsova N., Semenova T., Bolgova Y., Korzhova S., Trofimova O., Fadeeva T, & Prozorova G. (2022). Strong Antimicrobial Activity of Highly Stable Nanocomposite Containing AgNPs Based on Water-Soluble Triazole-Sulfonate Copolymer. Pharmaceutics, 14(1), 206.

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Miniemulsion Polymerization of IBOMA/2-OA with CeO2 Nanoparticles

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IBOMA (Evonik, Essen, Germany) and 2-OA (Arkema, Colombes, France) monomers were used as supplied. The thermal initiator azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN, Sigma-Aldrich, Madrid, Spain) and the polymerizable surfactant Sipomer^® PAM200 (Solvay) were used as received. Octadecyl acrylate (Sigma-Aldrich, Madrid, Spain) was used as co-stabilizer during the miniemulsion polymerization. A solution of CeO₂ nanoparticles (NANO BYK 3812) was kindly supplied by ALTANA (Wesel, Germany). In order to obtain the pure nanoparticles, the solvent was evaporated in an oven at 60 °C for 48 h. The resulting crystals were grinded before their use. Distilled water (MilliQ quality) was used in all reactions. Sodium bicarbonate (Sigma-Aldrich, Madrid, Spain) and ammonium hydroxide solution (25%, Sigma-Aldrich, Madrid, Spain) were used to adjust pH values. Steel substrates (medium carbon steel with 0.5% of C) were purchased from URDURI ACEROS. UniClean 251 (Atotech, Erandio, Spain) was used as a degreasing agent for the steel substrates. HCl 1 M solution (Sigma-Aldrich, Madrid, Spain) was used in the cleaning treatment of the steel substrates. High purity NaCl (Corrosalt, Ascott-Analytical, Tamworth, UK) was used for the preparation of a 3.5 wt% solution for the corrosion test.

González E., Stuhr R., Vega J.M., García-Lecina E., Grande H.J., Leiza J.R, & Paulis M. (2021). Assessing the Effect of CeO2 Nanoparticles as Corrosion Inhibitor in Hybrid Biobased Waterborne Acrylic Direct to Metal Coating Binders. Polymers, 13(6), 848.

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Solvent-Resistant Polymeric Ultrafiltration Membranes

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DMPA, TMP, PEG (M_n = 3350 g/mol), pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA), dibutyltindilaurate (DBTDL), 4,4ʹ-methylenebis(cyclohexyl isocyanate), isocyanate (H₁₂MDI), and azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St.Louis, MO, USA). Lithium hexafluorophosphate salt (LiPF₆), EC, and DMC were obtained from Tokyo Chemical Industry (Kita-ku, Tokyo, Japan) and Daejung Chemical & Metals Co, Ltd (Siheung-si, South Korea). H₁₂MDI was dried using 4-Å molecular sieves. Before mixing, PEG was melted at 60 °C and LiPF₆ and PETA were dissolved in EC/DMC (v:v = 50:50). AIBN (Sigma-Aldrich) was added before casting and curing the PUA membranes.

Kim H.N., Kim K.G., Jeong Y.U, & Kim S.Y. (2020). Double-Crosslinked Polyurethane Acrylate for Highly Conductive and Stable Polymer Electrolyte. Polymers, 12(11), 2557.

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