Dimethoate, clothianidin, propiconazole, tau-fluvalinate, cadmium chloride (cadmium), sodium arsenate dibasic heptahydrate (arsenic) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich® Ltd. as analytical grade chemicals and pesticide standards (PESTANAL®). Acetone solvent used was HPLC-grade and sucrose for feeding solutions was also obtained from Sigma-Aldrich® Ltd. with ≥99.5% purity. The chemical concentrations tested in mg/L (i.e. μg/ml or ppm) were: Dimethoate; 0.47, 1.17, 2.92, 7.29, 18.23; clothianidin: 0.00149, 0.00373, 0.00933, 0.0233, 0.0583, 0.145; tau-fluvalinate: 1.72, 4.29, 10.73, 26.83, 67.08; 2,4-D: 23.04, 57.60, 144, 360, 900; propiconazole: 8.53, 21.33, 53.33, 133, 333; cadmium: 1.87, 4.67, 11.67, 29.17, 72.92, 182; and arsenic: 1.12, 2.80, 7.00, 17.50, 43.75, 109. Stock solutions were initially prepared in water or acetone solvent (depending on chemical solubility) and diluted to give the concentrations detailed in feeding solutions of 50% (w/v) aqueous sucrose solution. sucrose solutions were made up in autoclaved, ultrapure water using molecular grade ≥99.5% GC quality sucrose from Sigma-Aldrich® Ltd. Where acetone was used as a solvent, the concentration was 1% acetone in the feeding solutions.
Sodium arsenate dibasic heptahydrate
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany
Sodium arsenate dibasic heptahydrate is a chemical compound with the formula Na2HAsO4·7H2O. It is a crystalline solid that is soluble in water. The compound is commonly used as a laboratory reagent.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Sodium meta arsenite, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Cadmium chloride, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Nitric acid, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Sodium arsenite, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Cobalt chloride, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Avantor (2 mentions)
Sodium chloride (nacl), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Potassium antimony 3 tartrate hydrate, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Dimethoate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Clothianidin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Propiconazole, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
2 4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 2 4 d, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Tau fluvalinate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sucrose, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Rice starch, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Bactiter glo kit, by Promega (1 mentions)
Triton x 100, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Lipase, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sodium meta arsenite 90, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
21 protocols using sodium arsenate dibasic heptahydrate
1
Chemical Toxicity Screening of Pollutants
2
Enzymatic Starch Hydrolysis Protocol
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Sodium molybdate dihydrate (Na2MoO4x2H2O), sodium sulfate (Na2SO4), sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), sodium-potassium tartrate tetrahydrate (KOCOCH(OH)CH(OH)COONax4H2O), copper sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO4x5H2O), potassium iodide (KI), iodine (I2), hydrochloric acid (HCl), and glucose were all purchased from POCh (Gliwice, Poland). Sodium arsenate dibasic heptahydrate (Na2HAsO4x7H2O) and rice starch were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, USA). The purified enzymatic preparation of the recombinant insect alpha-amylase (SoAMY), as well as the recombinant fungal glucoamylase (TlGAMY), was obtained and purified as described previously (Celińska et al. 2015 (link), 2018 (link)).
3
Arsenate Response and Cell Permeability
4
Cytotoxicity Assay Protocols for Cell Lines
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The chemical 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-phenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) was acquired from Sigma-Aldrich (Saint Louis, MO, USA). Phosphate-buffered saline solution (PBS), FluoVolt™ (FV) Membrane Potential Kit, Vybrant™ DyeCycle™ Ruby Stain (Vybrant), and propidium iodide (PI) were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA).
Sodium arsenate dibasic heptahydrate was purchased from Sigma (Roedermark, Germany) to induce cell death. The chemical was mixed with the cell culture medium to achieve a final concentration of 1 mg arsenic (V)/L medium and 5 mg arsenic (V)/L medium. These concentrations showed cytotoxic effects in previous studies under similar conditions [7 (link),8 ,9 (link),10 (link)].
Hydrogen peroxide (30%), Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), 5-Fluorouracil, and Triton X-100 were purchased from (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany). Fatty acids were obtained from oil digestion with lipase (Merck KGaA, Germany).
Sodium arsenate dibasic heptahydrate was purchased from Sigma (Roedermark, Germany) to induce cell death. The chemical was mixed with the cell culture medium to achieve a final concentration of 1 mg arsenic (V)/L medium and 5 mg arsenic (V)/L medium. These concentrations showed cytotoxic effects in previous studies under similar conditions [7 (link),8 ,9 (link),10 (link)].
Hydrogen peroxide (30%), Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), 5-Fluorouracil, and Triton X-100 were purchased from (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany). Fatty acids were obtained from oil digestion with lipase (Merck KGaA, Germany).
5
Aqueous Arsenic Speciation Analysis
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The analytical grade reagents including sodium arsenate dibasic heptahydrate (Na2HAsO4.7H2O) and arsenic trioxide (As2O3) were supplied by Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). The chemical reagents; sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), sodium nitrate (NaNO3), sodium fluoride (NaF), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), calcium chloride (CaCl2∙2H2O), magnesium sulphate (MgSO4∙7H2O), sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaH2PO4∙H2O), sodium silicate (NaSiO3.5H2O), hydrochloric acid (HCl), nitric acid (HNO3), and ferric chloride hexahydrate (FeCl3.6H2O) were purchased from local suppliers.
6
Electrospun Nanofibrous Mixed-Matrix Membranes
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All chemicals used in the experiments were of reagent grade. Sodium (meta)arsenite (90%) and sodium arsenate dibasic heptahydrate were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich and were used to prepare the arsenic-contaminated water. Bovine serum albumin (BSA, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) was used to study the antifouling behaviour of the membranes. Deionised (DI) water was used in sample preparation and for pure water flux measurements. The Gram-positive bacterium methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538) and the Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) were used for the antibacterial study of the membranes.
Three electrospun nanofibrous mixed-matrix membranes were used for this study, as reported earlier [29 (link)]. The membranes were P, CP, and MCP. P was a pristine polysulfone (PSF) membrane, CP consisted of 1 wt% GO–ZnO composite particles in the PSF matrix, and MCP consisted of 1 wt% GO–ZnO–iron oxide composite particles in the PSF matrix.
Three electrospun nanofibrous mixed-matrix membranes were used for this study, as reported earlier [29 (link)]. The membranes were P, CP, and MCP. P was a pristine polysulfone (PSF) membrane, CP consisted of 1 wt% GO–ZnO composite particles in the PSF matrix, and MCP consisted of 1 wt% GO–ZnO–iron oxide composite particles in the PSF matrix.
7
Synthesis of Polymeric Adsorbents for Arsenic Removal
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Methacrylic acid (MAA >99.8%),
vinyl benzyl chloride (VBC >90.0%), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate
(EGDMA >97.0%), and benzoyl peroxide (BPO >75.0%) were purchased
from
TCI Chemicals, Japan. The monomers were purified with basic alumina.
The initiator benzoyl peroxide (BPO) was re-crystallized with methanol
prior to use. Trimethylamine (TMA >98.0%), purchased from Central
Drug House (CDH), India, was used as received. Sodium arsenate dibasic
heptahydrate (Na2HAsO4·7H2O),
sodium arsenite (NaAsO2), and sodium fluoride (NaF) were
purchased from Sigma Aldrich, USA. Solvents, reagents, and salts such
as toluene, acetone, methanol, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sodium
hydroxide, sodium chloride, sodium nitrate, sodium phosphate, sodium
sulfate, and sodium bicarbonate were procured from Fisher Scientific,
India.
vinyl benzyl chloride (VBC >90.0%), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate
(EGDMA >97.0%), and benzoyl peroxide (BPO >75.0%) were purchased
from
TCI Chemicals, Japan. The monomers were purified with basic alumina.
The initiator benzoyl peroxide (BPO) was re-crystallized with methanol
prior to use. Trimethylamine (TMA >98.0%), purchased from Central
Drug House (CDH), India, was used as received. Sodium arsenate dibasic
heptahydrate (Na2HAsO4·7H2O),
sodium arsenite (NaAsO2), and sodium fluoride (NaF) were
purchased from Sigma Aldrich, USA. Solvents, reagents, and salts such
as toluene, acetone, methanol, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sodium
hydroxide, sodium chloride, sodium nitrate, sodium phosphate, sodium
sulfate, and sodium bicarbonate were procured from Fisher Scientific,
India.
8
Arsenic Speciation in Rice Grains
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A total of 0.5 g of powdered rice grain was extracted with 5 mL of 0.28 M HNO3 using a heating block at 95 °C for 90 min, as described by Huang et al. [35 (link)]. The digests were centrifuged at 5858× g for 15 min and passed through 0.45 µm syringe filter paper, and then were finally stored at 4 °C in the dark for speciation analysis. All the analyses were performed with in 72 h. Sodium meta-arsenite and sodium arsenate dibasic heptahydrate (sigma) were included as standards for speciation analysis. The speciation extracts and matrix match standards were quantified by an HPLC system coupled with ICP MS (Perkin Elmer Nexion 300, USA). Hamilton PRP-X100 anion exchange column was used in the HPLC system. The mobile phase was 20 mM NH4H2PO4, and pH was adjusted to 5.6 with NH4OH.
9
Arsenic Compound Exposure Preparation
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Sodium (meta) arsenite (CAS No. 7784-46-5) (trivalent), sodium arsenate dibasic heptahydrate (CAS No. 10048-95-0) (pentavalent), and dimethylarsinic acid sodium salt (DMA) (CAS No. 6131-99-3) (pentavalent) were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). Disodium methyl arsonate hydrate (MMA) (CAS No. 144-21-8) (pentavalent) was purchased form Chem, Service Inc. (West Chester, PA, USA). Stock solution (10 mM) was freshly prepared in phosphate buffer saline and further diluted in cell culture media for the exposure studies. EGTA (ethylene glycol-bis (β-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid) was purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA).
10
Functionalization of Graphene Oxide and POSS
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For
the functionalization reaction, GO (1
wt % aqueous suspension) was purchased from William Blythe (Lancashire,
UK), aminopropyl isobutyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (AM0265
– referred to here as POSS) was purchased in powder form from
Hybrid Plastics (USA), and N,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide
(DCC) and tetrahydrofuran (THF) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich
(Germany). Electrospinning solutions were prepared using polyvinylidene
difluoride (PVDF - Mw = 534,000 g mol–1) and N,N-dimethylformamide
(DMF), both purchased from Sigma Aldrich, Germany, as well as acetone
(Fisher Scientific, UK). Millipore deionized (DI) water (18 MΩ
cm resistivity) was used for the preparation of feed solutions along
with sodium arsenate dibasic heptahydrate and sodium meta-arsenite,
which were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. NaCl, CaCO3, and
FeSO4·7H2O also used for the feed solutions
were purchased from Acros, Belgium. All reagents and materials were
used as received.
the functionalization reaction, GO (1
wt % aqueous suspension) was purchased from William Blythe (Lancashire,
UK), aminopropyl isobutyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (AM0265
– referred to here as POSS) was purchased in powder form from
Hybrid Plastics (USA), and N,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide
(DCC) and tetrahydrofuran (THF) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich
(Germany). Electrospinning solutions were prepared using polyvinylidene
difluoride (PVDF - Mw = 534,000 g mol–1) and N,N-dimethylformamide
(DMF), both purchased from Sigma Aldrich, Germany, as well as acetone
(Fisher Scientific, UK). Millipore deionized (DI) water (18 MΩ
cm resistivity) was used for the preparation of feed solutions along
with sodium arsenate dibasic heptahydrate and sodium meta-arsenite,
which were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. NaCl, CaCO3, and
FeSO4·7H2O also used for the feed solutions
were purchased from Acros, Belgium. All reagents and materials were
used as received.
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