Anti p p38

ShCHMP4A was cloned into pSIH‐H1 puro (System Biosciences). The target sequence of CHMP4A short hairpin RNA (shRNA) was 5′‐GCCTAGTGTACCTTCTACT‐3′. FLAG‐tagged CHMP4A eukaryotic expression vector was constructed by inserting PCR‐amplified CHMP4A fragment into pcDNA3.0‐FLAG vector (Invitrogen).
Trizol reagent was purchased from Invitrogen. AMG487 (CXCR3 antagonist) and maraviroc (CCR5 antagonist) were purchased from Tocris. RNase A and GSK‐LSD1 (LSD1 inhibitor) were obtained from Sigma Aldrich. Anti‐dsRNA (J2) was purchased from English and Scientific Consulting Kft. Anti‐CHMP4A was purchased from Sino Biological. Anti‐Flag, Anti‐LSD1, and Anti‐β‐actin were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology. Anti‐p70S6k, Anti‐p‐p70S6K, Anti‐mTOR, Anti‐p‐mTOR, Anti‐Akt, Anti‐p‐Akt, Anti‐ERK, and Anti‐p‐ERK were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology. Neutralizing Anti‐IFNβ, Anti‐PTEN, Anti‐P53, Anti‐P38, and Anti‐p‐P38 were purchased from Proteintech. Human IFNβ ELISA Kit was obtained from CUSABIO.
Whole blood samples, anticoagulated by sodium citrate, were collected from six healthy volunteers (50% male, medium age of 32 years, ranging from 25 to 42 years). The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital. Written informed consent was obtained from all volunteers.

Sal and anisomycin (Ani) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Saint Louis, MO, USA) and was diluted in normal saline and stored away from light at −20°C. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) microplate test kits were acquired from the Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute (Jiancheng Biotech, Nanjing, China). IL-6 and TNF-α enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits were obtained from Anogen (Ontario, Canada). Oligonucleotide primers were synthesized by Generay (Shanghai, China). The PrimeScript RT Reagent Kit and SYBR Premix Ex Taq were purchased from TaKaRa Biotechnology (Dalian, China). The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) apoptosis assay kit was obtained from Roche (Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland).
The primary antibodies used in this study were anti-Bax, anti-caspase 3, anti-caspase 9, anti-Beclin-1, anti-P62, anti-JNK, anti-P38, anti-p-P38 (Proteintech, Chicago, IL, USA), anti-TNF-α, anti-Bcl-2, antimicrotubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3), antimammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), anti-p-mTOR, anti-Akt, anti-p-Akt, anti-S6, anti-p-S6 (Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), anti-IL-6, anti-p-JNK (Antibody Revolution, San Diego, CA, USA), anti-ERK, and anti-p-ERK (Signalway Antibody, College Park, MD, USA).