detergent solution (Sigma-Aldrich) and ultrapure water (18.2 MΩ
cm, total oxidizable carbon <5 ppb) and stored in concentrated
sulfuric acid (98% p.a., Carl Roth) with oxidizer NOCHROMIX (Sigma-Aldrich)
for at least 12 h. Prior to usage, the glassware was rinsed thoroughly
with ultrapure water to remove the acid and dried with nitrogen.
Poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (NaPSS) with an average molecular
weight of 70 kDa (PDI < 1.2, batch no. BCBP3081V) and calcium chloride
dihydrate (purity ≥99%) were purchased both from Sigma-Aldrich
and were used as received. Stock solutions were prepared by dissolving
the powders of NaPSS and CaCl2 in ultrapure water, and
mixtures were prepared by adding the necessary amount of CaCl2 stock solutions to NaPSS. All NaPSS concentrations reported
below refer to the total concentration of monomers. All experiments
were performed at a room temperature of 297 K.