Hek 293t cell

C2C12 mouse skeletal myoblasts, HEK 293T cells, and RD cells (Cell Resource Center, China) were maintained at sub-confluent densities in DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS and 1% penicillin and streptomycin. The C2C12 cell line differentiates rapidly, forming contractile myotubes and producing characteristic muscle proteins. When cells reached 80–100% confluency, myogenesis was induced by changing the medium to 2% horse serum in DMEM.

The immortalized human brain EC line hCMEC/D3 was acquired from Dr. Couraud (Institute Cochin, Paris, France). Human brain vascular pericytes and normal human astrocytes were purchased from the Sciencell Research Laboratories (Carlsbad, CA, USA). Human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293T) cells were purchased from Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Cell Resource Center. All the cells were cultured in a humidified atmosphere (37°C, 5% CO₂) as previously detailed [39 ]. ECs were limited from 30 to 35 passages. ECs were pre-incubated with Aβ_1–42 (5 μM) for 48 h as previously detailed [39 ].

Human astrocyte (HA) cells were purchased from ScienCell Research Laboratories (Carlsbad, CA, USA) and grown in RPMI-1640 culture medium (Gibco, Grand Island, NY, USA) with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS, Gibco, Carlsbad, CA, USA). Human glioma cell lines (U87 and U251) and human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 T cells were purchased from Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Cell Resource Center, and grown in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium(DMEM)/high glucose with 10% FBS. All cells were maintained in a humidified incubator at 37 °C with 5% CO₂. Human glioma tissues and normal brain tissues (NBTs) were collected from patients at the Department of Neurosurgery of Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University (n = 5). All the tissue samples were immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen after surgical resection, and stored at −80 °C until use. Informed consent was obtained from all patients and the study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University. Glioma tissue samples were classified into five groups according to the 2007 WHO classification by neuropathologists: Grade I (n = 5), Grade II (n = 5), Grade III (n = 8) and Grade IV (n = 8).