To determine the drug loading and entrapment efficiency, the freeze-dried drug-loaded micelles were dissolved in 3 mL DMSO and incubated in a water bath at 40°C for 3 h. The concentration of MC was measured at 352 nm using an ultraviolet spectrophotometer (UV-2001 Spectrophotometer, Shimadzu, Japan). The measurement was performed in triplicate. Drug loading and entrapment efficiency were calculated using the following equations:
Uv 2001 spectrophotometer
Manufactured by Shimadzu
Sourced in Japan
The UV-2001 Spectrophotometer is a laboratory instrument designed for the measurement of light absorption in the ultraviolet and visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum. It is capable of performing qualitative and quantitative analysis of samples by determining their absorption characteristics.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Rotofix 32a, by Hettich (1 mentions)
500 mhz spectrometer, by Agilent Technologies (1 mentions)
Supra 40, by Zeiss (1 mentions)
Silicon drift detector, by Bruker (1 mentions)
6530 accurate mass q tof lc ms spectrometer, by Agilent Technologies (1 mentions)
Invia raman microscope, by Renishaw (1 mentions)
Microflex lt, by Bruker (1 mentions)
Spectrum 100 ftir spectrometer, by PerkinElmer (1 mentions)
Esp 300e spectrometer, by Bruker (1 mentions)
Er4102st, by Bruker (1 mentions)
4 protocols using uv 2001 spectrophotometer
1
Determining Drug Loading and Entrapment Efficiency
2
Fungal Bioremoval of Reactive Black 5
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During the incubation period, a 3 mL sample was taken daily from each flask. Samples were centrifuged at 6000 rpm., for 10 min (Hettich Rotofix 32A). The concentration of Reactive Black 5 was determined by measuring the absorbance at 600 nm (Shimadzu UV 2001 spectrophotometer). Cell-free carrot and apple pomace media were used as the blank. For the measurement of microbial growth at the end of the incubation period, the biomass concentration was determined by measuring dry weight. Reducing sugar concentration was determined according to the DNS method [22] .
The RB5 bioremoval of fungus was investigated in a batch system as a function of the type of raw material, initial pH, dye and biomass concentrations. The percentage uptake of dye or heavy metal was calculated from Eq. (1):
In this equation, C0 represents the initial concentration of RB5 as mgL -1 and Cf represents the final concentration of RB5 after the bioremoval.
The maximum specific dye uptake rates were calculated according to Eq. ( 2) which has shown below.
The RB5 bioremoval of fungus was investigated in a batch system as a function of the type of raw material, initial pH, dye and biomass concentrations. The percentage uptake of dye or heavy metal was calculated from Eq. (1):
In this equation, C0 represents the initial concentration of RB5 as mgL -1 and Cf represents the final concentration of RB5 after the bioremoval.
The maximum specific dye uptake rates were calculated according to Eq. ( 2) which has shown below.
3
Detailed Characterization of Cobalt Catalyst
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An X-Ray Photoelectron Spectrometer THERMO-VG ESCALAB 250 (RX source K AI (1486.6 eV)) was used. X-ray absorption spectra were collected at the LUCIA beamline of SOLEIL with a ring energy of 2.75 GeV and a current of 490 mA. The energy was monochromatized by means of a Si (111) double crystal monochromator. Data were collected in a primary vacuum chamber as fluorescence spectra with an outgoing angle of 5° using a Bruker silicon drift detector. The data were normalized to the intensity of the incoming incident energy and processed with the Athena software from the IFEFFIT package. For the EXAFS analysis, an E0 value of 7715.4 eV was used for the cobalt K-edge jump energy. SEM using a field emission gun was performed using a Zeiss Supra 40. Infrared spectra (IR) were recorded on a Bio-Rad FTS 175 C Fourier transform infrared spectrometer spectrophotometer. Ultraviolet (UV)–visible absorption spectra were obtained using a Shimadzu 2001 UV spectrophotometer. High resolution mass spectra were measured on an Agilent 6530 Accurate-Mass Q-TOF LC/MS spectrometer equipped with electrospray ionization source. NMR spectra were recorded in deuterated chloroform (CDCl3) and THF-d8 on a Varian 500 MHz spectrometer. Melting points were recorded on a Stuart SMP apparatus.
4
Multi-spectroscopic Characterization Protocol
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FT-IR spectra were recorded between 4000 and 650 cm -1 using a PerkinElmer Spectrum 100 FT-IR spectrometer. Mass spectra were measured on a MALDI (matrix assisted laser desorption ionization) BRUKER Microflex LT (Bremen, Germany) using 1,8,9-anthracenetriol or 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid as the matrix. UV-visible electronic absorption spectra were recorded on a Shimadzu 2001 UV spectrophotometer. Raman spectroscopy was conducted employing a Renishaw inVia Raman microscope with a 473 nm laser. ESR spectra were recorded at 77 K on a Bruker ESP 300E spectrometer, using a standard rectangular (TE102) ESR cavity (Bruker ER4102ST). Microwave power of 1.6 mW and modulation amplitude 1 G were used.
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