Primary polyclonal human α sma antibody

The tumor microenvironment was characterized by α-SMA and anti-CD-31 antibody. Prior to α-SMA staining, tumor sections were firstly deparaffinized via dimethylbenzene three times, and then rinsed with water-alcohol solutions, followed by incubation with 0.1% Triton X-100 within PBS (15 min) and finally blocking with 1% BSA (30 min). Thereafter, the tumor sections were incubated with primary polyclonal human α-SMA antibody (Abcam, UK) and then further incubated with Alexa Fluor 555-conjugated secondary antibody both for 1 h. Followed by washing samples with PBS thrice, staining with DAPI for 30 min, and then fixing with 4% paraformaldehyde for 15 min. All of the above operations were carried out at room temperature (25 °C) and observed by CLSM. Likewise, CD-31 staining was similar to that of α-SMA. The primary antibody was changed to CD-31 antibody (Qu et al., 2017 (link); Qu et al., 2018 (link)).