Fexofenadine hydrochloride

Ascorbic acid, atenolol, dantrolene sodium, gabapentin, hydrocortisone, Ko143, metoprolol tartrate, naproxen, phenytoin sodium, sulpiride, propranolol HCl, type I rat tail collagen solution, lucifer yellow CH dipotassium salt (LY), fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)–dextran (4 and 40 kDa), rhodamine 123, and 7.5% sodium bicarbonate solution were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Midazolam was purchased from Cerilliant (Austin, TX, USA). Fexofenadine hydrochloride, carbamazepine, donepezil HCl, and cyclosporine A were purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry (Tokyo, Japan).
Molecular, Cellular, and Development Biology 131 medium (MCDB131 medium), fetal bovine serum (FBS), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), chemically defined lipid concentrate, N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine–N′-2-ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES), Hanks’ balanced salt solution (HBSS), 0.25% trypsin-EDTA, penicillin-streptomycin, and Insulin-transferrin-selenium-ethanolamine (ITS) were purchased from Gibco (Grand Island, NY, USA). HPLC grade methanol and water were purchased from Fisher Scientific Korea (Seoul, Republic of Korea).

Fexofenadine hydrochloride and emodin were purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry (Tokyo, Japan). Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), terfenadine, verapamil, Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) with high glucose, MEM non-essential amino acid solution (NEAA) and glutamine were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). HPLC grade acetonitrile and water were purchased from Fisher Scientific Korea (Seoul, Korea). emodin, emodin-8-O-β-d-glucoside, chrysophanol, chrysophanol-8-O-β-d-glucoside, physcion and physcion-8-O-β-d-glucoside isolated from R. acetosa were obtained from the pharmacognosy laboratory of the College of Pharmacy at Gyeongsang National University (Jinju, Korea) [27 (link)]. Fetal bovine serum (FBS), N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine–N′-2-ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) and Hanks’ balanced salt solution (HBSS) were purchased from Corning (Manassas, VA, USA). Penicillin–streptomycin, Opti-MEM and 0.25% (w/v) trypsin–EDTA were purchased from Gibco (Carlsbad, CA, USA). Phosphate buffered saline (PBS) was purchased from Welgene (Gyeongsan, Korea). An MDR assay kit (fluorometric) was purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, UK).