Female 6-8 week old CF-1 mice were purchased from Harlan (Indianapolis, IN). Mice were placed on liquid diet for 24 h and starved for 24 h to produce reduced amounts of softer, more human-like feces, as opposed to the dry, hard pellets normally produced by mice. To induce TNBS-colitis, mice were anesthetized with isoflurane and dosed rectally with 0.125 mg/g of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS, also known as picrylsulfonic acid, Sigma-Aldrich) in 50% ethanol as previously described [19 (link)]. To induce DSS-colitis, mice were given 4% w/v dextran sulfate sodium (DSS, Sigma-Aldrich) in their drinking water for four days, as previously described [20 (link)]. Only mice that lost at least 5% of their body weight, a common measure of disease induction, were used [19 (link)]. These procedures reliably produced mice with colorectal tissue with clear signs of inflammation, including thickening of the mucosa and loose stool. Mice with DSS- and TNBS-induced colitis were allowed access to food and water ad libitum. All procedures were approved by the Johns Hopkins Animal Care and Use Committee.
Picrylsulfonic acid
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States
Picrylsulfonic acid is a chemical compound used as a laboratory reagent. It is a yellow crystalline solid that is soluble in water and organic solvents. The compound is often used in various chemical reactions and analyses.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
2 4 6 trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid tnbs, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Dextran sulfate sodium (dss), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sulfuric acid, by ITW Reagents (1 mentions)
Formalin solution, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Glacial acetic acid, by ITW Reagents (1 mentions)
Phosphoric acid, by ITW Reagents (1 mentions)
Sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds), by Santa Cruz Biotechnology (1 mentions)
Propidium iodide, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Dulbecco s modified eagle medium dmem low glucose, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Alexa fluor 488 phalloidin, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Hoechst 3342, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Penicillin streptomycin p s, by Biowest (1 mentions)
Hydrochloric acid hcl, by ITW Reagents (1 mentions)
Rhodamine b, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sodium bicarbonate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Methacrylic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Fetal bovine serum (fbs), by Biowest (1 mentions)
Dextran sulfate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Triacetin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Nicl2, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
4 protocols using picrylsulfonic acid
1
Murine Models of Chemically-Induced Colitis
2
Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Graphene-based Materials
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Methacrylic acid (MA), EDC, NHS, dimethylformamide (DMF), picrylsulfonic acid, RF, formalin solution, TOX8 resazurin-based assay, rhodamine B, sodium bicarbonate, and low glucose Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Sodium dodecyl sulfate was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Dallas, TX, USA). Fetal bovine serum (FBS) and penicillin/streptomycin (P/S) were purchased from BioWest and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), sodium chloride (NaCl), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), glacial acetic acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, potassium permanganate (K2MnO4), Tris-HCl, and hydrochloric acid (HCl) were purchased from PanReac AppliChem (Chicago, IL, USA), and graphite flakes from Graphene Supermarket (Ronkonkoma, NY, USA). Propidium iodide, AlexaFluor™ 488 Phalloidin, and Hoechst 3342 were purchased from Invitrogen (Waltham, MA, USA).
3
Enzymatic Activity Characterization
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A TLL liquid formulation with 20.77 mg protein/mL was utilized in this paper, while lipase B from Candida antarctica (CALB) was a liquid formulation with 7.7 mg protein (kindly donated by Novozymes Spain (Madrid, Spain). Bradford’s reagent (utilized to calculate the protein concentration [98 (link)]), p-nitrophenyl-butyrate (p-NPB), triacetin, R- and S-methyl mandelate, acetonitrile for HPLC (gradient grade, ≥99.9%), glutaraldehyde (GA) solution (25% in H2O), ethylenediamine (EDA), picrylsulfonic acid (TNBS), polyethylenimine (PEI, MW 25,000), dextran sulfate (DS, MW 20,000), N-3-(dimethylaminopropyl)-N-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (ECD), NiCl2, MgCl2, CoCl2, CuCl2 and ZnCl2 were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Octyl Sepharose® CL-4B was acquired from GE Healthcare (Uppsala, Sweden). All other reagents were of analytical grade.
4
Counting Blastocyst Cell Composition
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Total cell number and the proportion of TE and ICM cells were assessed in F2 rat blastocysts using a modification of a method described previously (nZ30-60 blastocysts/group from nZ6 females/group) (Handyside & Hunter 1984 (link), Hardy et al. 1989) . Briefly, blastocysts were incubated in pronase (Sigma, 0.5% in GMOPS, 5 min at 37 8C) to remove the zona pellucida, then incubated in picrylsulfonic acid (Sigma, 10 min at 37 8C) and washed in GMOPS with 5 mg/ml HSA. Embryos were then incubated in anti-dinitrophenol (Sigma, 10 min at 37 8C) followed by washing in GMOPS supplemented with 5 mg/ml HSA.
Being born small alters the F2 blastocyst Complement-mediated lysis was performed by a short incubation in guinea pig serum (IMVS, Adelaide, SA, Australia, 10 min) before transfer to a bisbenzimide solution of 0.1 mg/ml (Hoescht 33 342, Sigma). Blastocysts were then mounted in glycerol and nuclei counted under u.v. light (filter) using an inverted microscope (TS100-F, Nikon, Yamato, Kanagawa, Japan).
Being born small alters the F2 blastocyst Complement-mediated lysis was performed by a short incubation in guinea pig serum (IMVS, Adelaide, SA, Australia, 10 min) before transfer to a bisbenzimide solution of 0.1 mg/ml (Hoescht 33 342, Sigma). Blastocysts were then mounted in glycerol and nuclei counted under u.v. light (filter) using an inverted microscope (TS100-F, Nikon, Yamato, Kanagawa, Japan).
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