Sanguinarine chloride

HT29 cells were cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) (4.5 g/L glucose) (Corning, Manassas, VA, USA) with 1% GlutaMax (Gibco, Waltham, MA, USA), FET cells in DMEM/F12 (50:50) media (Corning, Manassas, VA, USA), and SW480 cells in DMEM media, supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) (Gemini Bio, West Sacramento, CA, USA) and 1% penicillin (10,000 units/mL)/streptomycin (10,000 µg/mL) (Gibco, Waltham, MA, USA) at 37 °C and 5% CO₂. All antibodies were purchased from Cell Signaling Technologies, Inc (Boston, MA, USA). An anti-KCNH2 antibody was purchased from Santa Cruz (Dallas, Texas, USA) or Alomone Lab (Islrael). Recombinant human TGF-β1 and anti-hTGF-β RII FITC conjugated were purchased from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN, USA). E4031 and NS1643 were purchased from Alomone Labs (Jerusalem, Israel). Sanguinarine chloride was purchased from Tocris (Bristol, UK). Cyclosporine A was purchased from LC Laboratories (Woburn, MA, USA).

Simvastatin, rifampicin, pravastatin sodium salt hydrate, phosphatase inhibitor cocktail 2, phosphatase inhibitor cocktail 3, ANTI-FLAG M2 Affinity Gel, ANTI-FLAG M2-Peroxidase (HRP) and monoclonal ANTI-FLAG M1 antibodies were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO); restriction endonucleases and DNA-modifying enzymes from New England Biolabs (Beverly, MA); cOmplete Protease Inhibitor Cocktail Tablets (Roche, Basel, Switzerland); okadaic acid from EMD Millipore (Billerica, MA); fostriecin, sanguinarine chloride and GSK 650394 from Tocris Bioscience (Bristol, UK); anti-PXR antibody from Perseus Proteomics Inc. (Tokyo, Japan); anti-SGK2 antibody and anti-PP2Cα (D18C10) XP antibody from Cell Signaling (Danvers, MA); anti-PP2Ac antibody from BD Biosciences (Franklin Lakes, NJ); anti-p-SGK antibody (Thr256), anti-β-actin antibody (C4), PP1α (C-19) antibody, anti-RXR (ΔN 197) antibody. goat anti-rabbit IgG-HRP, goat anti-mouse IgG-HRP, donkey anti-goat IgG-HRP, normal mouse IgG and tautomycin from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA).