The study involved the experimental treatment with chitosan gel on demineralized enamel in 3 groups (G1 -control, G2 -1.5% chitosan gel with 1.5% casein, and G3 -1.5% chitosan gel without casein). The experimental units consisted of 36 enamel specimens obtained from the buccal surfaces of bovine incisors (n = 12 per group). The response variables were volume loss, surface wear and surface roughness. They were evaluated using 3D confocal laser scanning microscope (OLS 4000 LEXT; Olympus Inc., Waltham, USA), and depth of the demineralization lesion, which was measured by means of optical microscopy (Axiostar Plus; Carl Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany).
Ols 4000 lext
Manufactured by Olympus
Sourced in United States
The OLS 4000 LEXT is a 3D laser scanning confocal microscope designed for high-resolution surface analysis. It utilizes a high-precision laser scanning mechanism to capture detailed topographic information of sample surfaces.
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3 protocols using ols 4000 lext
1
Chitosan Gel Effects on Enamel Demineralization
2
Quantifying Surface Roughness of 3D Printed μAL
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Surface roughness of the 3D printed μAL was measured using a laser confocal microscope, Olympus OLS 4000 LEXT (Olympus IE, Waltham, MA, USA). Channel walls and top and bottom surfaces were imaged and processed using the LEXT OLS 4100 software (version 3.1.14) at the Lurie Nanofabrication Lab at the University of Michigan.
Measurements of the surface roughness were acquired using the stitch function of the LEXT software and the 20× lens, creating a 2 × 2 surface quadrant. The 20× lens experiences a height error of 0.793%, producing an accurate reading of the variability of surface height.58 Image correction was utilized in correcting any incline or curvature in the samples. The root mean squared height (sq) was reported and is equivalent to the standard deviation of the roughness profile across the stitched image.59
Measurements of the surface roughness were acquired using the stitch function of the LEXT software and the 20× lens, creating a 2 × 2 surface quadrant. The 20× lens experiences a height error of 0.793%, producing an accurate reading of the variability of surface height.58 Image correction was utilized in correcting any incline or curvature in the samples. The root mean squared height (sq) was reported and is equivalent to the standard deviation of the roughness profile across the stitched image.59
3
Porosity Assessment of LPBF-ed IN718 Alloy
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Porosity levels of the LPBF-ed control specimens (dim. 10 × 10 × 10 mm3), produced from V and U powders, were assessed by computer image analysis. Standard process parameters for IN718, provided by the manufacturer of the LPBF system, were used. Five samples were tested per each powder state. Polished cross-sections were prepared on the planes parallel to the specimens’ building direction (z-axis of the LPBF system). Images obtained using a confocal laser scanning microscope OLS 4000 LEXT (Olympus Corp., Tokyo, Japan) were subjected to binarization. Porosity was determined as the percentage of black pixels concerning the total number of pixels of each individual cross-section image.
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