A Toshiba Rotanode X-ray tube was used to obtain radiographs; a Philips Ingenia 1.5T MRI system was used for MRI examination. The radiological data of each participant were evaluated by the authors.
Two CSA measurements were performed by 2 different orthopedic surgeons (NA, MNT) for each patient, and the average value was recorded. Preoperative radiographs of the surgical group were taken into consideration. Techniques regarding CSA measurement and true shoulder AP-view X-rays were determined based on criteria established by Moor et al [6 (link)].
Theoretically, if the rotation of the scapula changes during imaging, the CSA value can also change. In the present study, radiographs with visible joint space and minimal overlap of the superior and inferior edges of the glenoid were included. In their study, Moor et al [6 (link)] reported that flexion/extension or internal/external rotations of up to 20° created a CSA change of a maximum of 2°. They also stated that during scapular rotations above the abovementioned degrees, the measurement could not be made accurately, because the superior and inferior edges of the glenoid were not clear. Therefore, radiographs that were not within the recommended values were not included in our study. If a participant had multiple radiographs, the radiograph with minimal overlap of the superior and inferior glenoid edge was preferred (Figure 1 ).
Two CSA measurements were performed by 2 different orthopedic surgeons (NA, MNT) for each patient, and the average value was recorded. Preoperative radiographs of the surgical group were taken into consideration. Techniques regarding CSA measurement and true shoulder AP-view X-rays were determined based on criteria established by Moor et al [6 (link)].
Theoretically, if the rotation of the scapula changes during imaging, the CSA value can also change. In the present study, radiographs with visible joint space and minimal overlap of the superior and inferior edges of the glenoid were included. In their study, Moor et al [6 (link)] reported that flexion/extension or internal/external rotations of up to 20° created a CSA change of a maximum of 2°. They also stated that during scapular rotations above the abovementioned degrees, the measurement could not be made accurately, because the superior and inferior edges of the glenoid were not clear. Therefore, radiographs that were not within the recommended values were not included in our study. If a participant had multiple radiographs, the radiograph with minimal overlap of the superior and inferior glenoid edge was preferred (