Ethyl methanesulphonate

Silver nitrate and acetone were purchased from Sigma Aldrich, USA. Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) was obtained from Capricorn Scientific, Germany. Ethidium bromide (EB), 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), were obtained from SERVA, Germany. Acridine Orange (AO) was obtained from Acros Organics, New Jersey, USA. Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) without calcium and magnesium, normal melting point agarose (NMA), low melting point agarose (LMA), and collagenase were obtained from Alfa Trade Enterprise D.O.O.; ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS) were from Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA. Resazurin was obtained from Alfa Aesar GmbH & Co., Karlsruhe, Germany. The chemicals used in this study for DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assay: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), referent phenolic standards (nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), (S)-6-methoxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchromane-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox)), and methanol were procured from Sigma-Aldrich Chemicals. Tetracycline, ampicillin, and amphotericin B were obtained from Sigma Chemicals Co., USA, and itraconazole from Pfizer Inc., USA. All other solvents and chemicals were of analytical grade. In distilled water, all solutions were made.

Ascorbic acid, acetic acid, anethole standard, 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), methanol, ethanol, sodium phosphate dibasic, hydrochloric acid (HCl), potassium ferricyanide, sodium phosphate monobasic, tricarboxylic acid (TCA), ferric chloride, ABTS (2, 2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), ferrous chloride, ferrozine, ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS), ethylenediamminetetracetic acid (EDTA) and acetocarmine were procured from Sigma-Aldrich Co. Germany, mueller–hinton broth (MHB) and agar (MBA), potato dextrose broth (PDB) and agar (PDA), casein, perchloric acid, potassium persulfate, ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid, and trypsin were procured from (HiMedia Nashik, India), sodium diclofenac was procured from Geltec Private Limited, Bangalore, acarbose was purchased from Sisco Research Laboratories Pvt. Ltd. (SRL) and other standards of the essential oil were procured from Sigma Aldrich Germany., and albumin was extracted from a fresh egg collected from local market of Jorhat, India.

The mutagens ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS, CAS n° 62-50-0; Sigma-Aldrich, Saint
Louis, MO, USA) and mitomycin C (MMC, CAS n° 50-07-5, Mitocin^®,
Bristol-Myers Squibb, Brazil) were dissolved in distilled water just before
treatment. The mutagen doses used were established in previous pilot studies
conducted in our laboratory to accurately evaluate antimutagenicity of HSCAN and
other compounds. Drosophila Instant Medium Formula 4-24 was purchased from Carolina
Biological Supply (Burlington, NC, USA) and powdered cellulose, from Merck
(Darmstadt, Germany).