mitochondria calcium detection dye. To identify Rhod-2 fluorescence expression in mature oocytes (44 h after IVM) and fertilized oocytes (3 h or 6 h after IVF), oocytes were washed
with 0.1% PBS-polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and incubated in the dark at 38.5ºC and 5% CO2 for 15 min in IVF medium supplemented with 100 μM Rhod-2 dye. After Rhod2 treatment,
oocytes were washed three times in 0.1% PVA-PBS (w/v) and Rhod-2 fluorescence was measured using an iRiSTM digital cell imaging system (Logos Biosystems, Anyang, Korea).
Each sample was washed three times in 0.1% PVA-PBS. Washed presumptive zygotes were cultured in 50 μl of IVC medium mixed with 5 μM Mito-SOX (red fluorescence; Life Technologies,
Carlsbad, CA, USA) under mineral oil at 37°C for 30 min. To confirm the mitochondria localization, embryos cultured in 50 μl of IVF medium were mixed with 4 μg/ml Mito-Tracker
(Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA) at 38.5ºC for 20 min. Each sample was washed three times in 0.1% PVA-PBS (
system (Logos Biosystems).