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17 protocols using hi1220

1

Histological Analysis of Kidney Tissue

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The paraffin-embedded kidney was sectioned at 3 μm using a rotary microtome (Leica ASP 300S, Germany). The tissue sections were then prepared on the glass slides and placed on a hot plate (HI1220; Leica Microsystems). The tissue sections were then deparaffinized using xylene and rehydrated by immersing them in a series of decreasing concentrations of ethanol (100%, 90%, and 70%). The sections later were stained with H&E to observe the changes in kidney structures.
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2

Histological Analysis of Organ Samples

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The collected organs including, aorta, liver, kidneys, spleen, adrenals, and brain samples were sliced into small sections of about 0.5–2 cm thickness and were fixed in 10% formalin for at least 48 hours. The fixed samples were placed in plastic cassettes and dehydrated using an automated tissue processor (ASP300; Leica Microsystems, Wetzlar, Germany). The tissues were embedded in paraffin wax (EG1160; Leica Micro-systems), and the blocks were trimmed and sectioned to 4 µm using a semiautomated microtome (RM2155; Leica Micro-systems). Then, the tissue sections were mounted on glass slides using a hot plate (HI1220; Leica Microsystems).
Subsequently, the tissue sections were deparafinized by two changes of xylene for 5 minutes each and rehydrated by three changes of different graded ethanol dilution (100%, 90%, and 70%) for 5 minutes each, respectively. Afterward, the sections were stained with Harris’s hematoxylin and eosin (HE) method, as described previously.28 Finally, tissue sections were mounted with glass cover slips using mounting medium distyrene-plasticizer xylene and were examined using a light microscope image analyzer (BX51TF; Olympus Corporation, Tokyo, Japan).
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Histological Analysis of Paraffin-Embedded Pancreas

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The paraffin-embedded pancreas was sectioned at 4 μm using a semiautomated microtome (RM2155; Leica Micro-systems). The tissue sections were then mounted on glass slides using a hot plate (HI1220; Leica Microsystems). Afterward, the tissue sections were deparafinized by xylene and rehydrated by different graded ethanol dilution (100%, 90%, and 70%). The sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). All slides were examined using light microscopy (Motic BA410, Wetzlar, Germany) equipped with a digital camera (Moticam Pro 285A, Wetzlar, Germany) under a magnification of X200.
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4

Urine Cytology Cell Block Preparation

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Patients were instructed to collect a total of 600 mL of fresh urine in a sterile bottle from 10:00 pm to 8:00 am. To prevent cell lysis, 60 mL of 4% formaldehyde solution was added to the urine specimen. The urine specimen was centrifuged for 10 min at 500 ×g within 2 h after collection. The urine sediment was transferred to EP tube with 2 mL of 4% formaldehyde solution. After centrifuging (at 500 ×g for 2 min), the supernatant was discarded.
The Anbiping kit (LBP Medicine Science & Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China, Batch number 1708001) was used for cell block preparation. The procedure was performed strictly in accordance with the instructions. A total of 0.15 mL of Reagent A was added to the urine sediment. The mixture was shaken and centrifuged for 2 min at 500 ×g. After discarding the supernatant, 0.15 mL of Reagent B was added to the urine sediment. After standing for 1 min, the cell mass was transferred to a cassette for dehydration (Leica ASP300S). The detailed procedure of dehydration was as follows.
Paraffin-embedded section was sliced at 3 µm (Leica, RM2235) and then was dried at 65 °C for 30 min (Leica, HI1220).
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5

Histopathological Analysis for Organ Toxicity

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Histopathology provides a rapid method to detect effects of irritants in various organs. Further confirmation of this finding should be supported by histopathological analysis, to verify the toxicity of the test compound and formula. For this purpose, liver, kidney, spleen, heart, lung, and brain tissue samples were collected, cut into sections of approximately 0.5 cm2 sizes, and fixed in 10% formalin for at least 48 hours. The fixed samples were placed in plastic cassettes and dehydrated using an automated tissue processor (Leica ASP300, Germany). The processed tissues were embedded in paraffin wax (Leica EG1160, Germany) and the blocks trimmed and sectioned to about 5 × 5 × 4 μm size using a microtome (Leica RM2155). The tissue sections were mounted on glass slides using a hot plate (Leica HI1220, Germany) and subsequently treated in order with 100, 90, and 70% ethanol for two minutes each. Finally, the sections were rinsed with tap water and stained with Harris's haematoxylin and eosin for light microscopy [26 ].
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6

Immunohistochemistry of Genetically-Labeled Mice

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Mice were deeply anesthetized with Avertin (400 mg/kg, i.p.; Sigma-Aldrich), perfused transcardially (4% paraformaldehyde in 0.1 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.4) and brains were post-fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde. Brains were cryoprotected and incubated overnight in a solution containing 30% sucrose in 0.1 M PBS and then frozen in Tissue-Teck OCT compound. Coronal slices (50 microns) were cut with a sliding cryostat, mounted on SuperPlus slides, allowed to dry at 42 C on a flattening table (Leica HI1220) and boiled in citrate buffer (10 mM). Sections were incubated with a blocking solution (1% BSA, 5% NGS in PBS, 0.4% Triton X-100) for 1 hour. A primary antibody was used to detect HA (anti-rat, 1:200, 11867423001, Roche) and detection carried out with fluorescent-labeled secondary antibodies (goat anti-rat, 1:800, Alexa Fluor 488, A-101650, Invitrogen). For the detection of mCherry endogenous fluorescent protein animals were anesthetized with Avertin, transcardically perfused and brains post-fixed overnight in 4% paraformaldehyde. Coronal slices (50 microns) were cut with a sliding cryostat (Leica) and mCherry was imaged with a fluorescent microscope (Leica DFC 345 FX, 10X/0.3, 40x/0.8).
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7

Histopathological Evaluation of Leukemic Spleen

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Spleen tissue samples were cut into small pieces and fixed in 10% formalin for at least 48 hours. The fixed samples were dehydrated using an automated tissue processor (Leica ASP300, Leipzig, Germany), embedded in paraffin wax (Leica EG1160, Leipzig, Germany). Then the blocks were trimmed and sectioned using a microtome (Leica RM2155). The tissue sections were mounted on glass slides using a hotplate (Leica HI1220) and subsequently treated in order with 100%, 90%, and 70% ethanol for 2 minutes each. Finally, the tissue sections were stained with the Harris’s hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)17 and examined under a light microscope (Nikon, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan) under ×1000 magnification.
Leukemia scoring was conducted on H&E-stained sections based on the number of leukemic cells in the spleen tissues. Score 0 = normal (no leukemic cells), score 1 = mild (leukemic cells between 0 cells/hpf and 25 cells/hpf), score 2 = moderate (leukemic cells between 25 cells/hpf and 50 cells/hpf), score 3 = severe (leukemic cells between 50 cells/hpf and 75 cells/hpf), and score 4 = more severe (leukemic cells between 75 cells/hpf and 100 cells/hpf).18
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8

Tissue Processing and Staining Protocol

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Collected breast tumor and lung samples were cut into sections of about 0.5 cm2 sizes and fixed in 10% formalin for at least 48 h. The fixed samples were placed in plastic cassettes and dehydrated using an automated tissue processor (Leica ASP300, Leica, Wetzlar, Germany). The processed tissues were embedded in paraffin wax (Leica EG1160, Germany), and the blocks trimmed and sectioned to about 5 × 5 × 4 µm size using a microtome (Leica RM2155). The tissue sections were mounted on glass slides using a hot plate (Leica HI1220, Germany) and subsequently treated in the order of 100%, 90%, and 70% ethanol for 2 min each, respectively. Finally, the tissue sections were rinsed in tap water, stained with the Harris’s haematoxylin and eosin (H&E), and examined under a light microscope (Nikon, Tokyo, Japan).
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9

Mitotic Chromosome Preparation from Plant Root Tips

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A modified smear method was used to prepare mitotic metaphase chromosomes [1 (link)]. About 15 fixed root tips were rinsed in distilled water and digested with 40 μL mixed enzyme solution containing 4% cellulase, 2% pectinase, and 1% pectolyase dissolved in 0.01 M citrate buffer (pH 4.5) at 37 °C for 1 h. The softened material was then carefully rinsed in water and transferred to a slide. Meristem cells were released with tweezers and macerated in 20 μL of 60% acetic acid. Then, the slide was placed on a heater (HI 1220, Leica, Wetzlar, Germany) at 55 °C, the sample solution was smeared with a needle, washed immediately with Carnoy’s fixative, and then air dried. The slides were screened under a phase contrast microscope and those with well-spread mitotic chromosome preparations were selected for FISH.
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10

Histological Processing and Staining of Liver and Kidney Samples

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Liver and kidney samples were cut into sections of about 0.5 cm2 and preserved in 10% formalin for 48 h. The preserved samples were placed in plastic cassettes and dehydrated using an automated tissue processor (Leica ASP300, Germany). The processed tissues were then embedded in paraffin wax (Leica EG1160, Germany). The blocks were trimmed and sectioned to about 5 × 5 × 4 μm size using a microtome (Leica, RM2155). The tissue sections were mounted on glass slides using a hot plate (Leica HI1220, Germany) and then treated in order with 100, 90 and 70% ethanol for 2 min each. Finally, the tissue sections were rinsed with tap water and stained with the hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and examined under a light microscope (Nikon, Japan).
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