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Recombinant human c5a

Manufactured by R&D Systems
Sourced in United States

Recombinant human C5a is a protein produced using recombinant DNA technology. It is a component of the complement system, a part of the immune system that helps clear pathogens. The core function of recombinant human C5a is to serve as a research tool for studying the complement system and its role in various biological processes.

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8 protocols using recombinant human c5a

1

Neutrophil Functional Assay with C5a

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Purified neutrophils were resuspended to 1 × 107 viable cells/ml in IMDM, then diluted to 1 × 106/ml in IMDM containing 3% autologous serum and recombinant human C5a (R and D Systems, Abingdon) at 1–100 ng/ml or untreated control12 (link). Neutrophils were incubated by rotation (10 rpm) at 37 °C for 16 h prior to functional assays. Neutrophil viable counts were re-assessed by trypan blue exclusion and adjusted once again to 1 × 106 viable cells/ml.
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2

Quantifying Bacterial C5a Peptidase Activity

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C5a peptidase activity was assessed by incubating bacterial strains with recombinant human C5a (R&D Systems, 2037-C5-025/CF). Stationary phase cultures of GBS and L. lactis were resuspended at 2 × 109 CFUs/mL and then incubated with 100 μg/mL of recombinant human C5a for 16 h at 37 °C. Following the incubation, NuPAGE LDS Sample Buffer 4× (Fisher, NP0007) was added to the sample supernatant and boiled for 5 min. Subsequently, the samples were run on a 4–12% Bis-Tris gel (Fisher) at 100 V and stained with SimplyBlue Safe Stain (Fisher, LC6065).
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3

Analyzing Transcriptional Changes in M-like Cells

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A human colon carcinoma cell line, Caco-2, and a human Burkitt's lymphoma cell line, Raji, were purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA, USA). The in vitro human M-like cells which had been prepared as described in our previous study were treated with recombinant human C5a (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and C5a, or Y. enterocolitica for 6 h and then total mRNA was purified using the RNeasy Plus mini kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) according to the manufacturer's protocol (17 (link)). The transcript levels of each indicated genes were monitored by human cAMP/Ca2+ signaling pathway array kit (PAHS-066Z; Qiagen) according to the manufacturer's instructions using an Applied Biosystems 7500 Real-Time PCR Instrument System (Life Technology, Carlsbad, CA, USA).
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4

Murine Macrophage Signaling Assay

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Bovine FGN, poly-RGD+, fMLP, luminol, TMS-diazomethane, wortmannin, fatty acid–free BSA, and HRP were from Sigma-Aldrich. Murine GM-CSF and M-CSF were from PeproTech, whereas murine TNF-α and recombinant human C5a were from R&D Systems. SRBCs in Alsever’s were from TCS Biosciences. Hanks’ balanced salt solution and Dulbecco’s phosphate-buffered saline (dPBS) with Ca2+ and Mg2+ were from Sigma. The isoform-selective PI3K inhibitors IC87114 and TGX221 were from Calbiochem, whereas BYL719 was from Active Biochem. All tissue culture products were from Invitrogen. All buffer components were from Sigma-Aldrich and were endotoxin-free or low-endotoxin, as available. Internal standards for lipid analysis, 1-heptadecanoyl-2-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-(phosphoinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate) (C17:0/C16:0-PIP3, as a hepta sodium salt), and C17:0/C16:0-PI were synthesized at the Babraham Institute. All chemicals and solutions were of analytical reagent grade.
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5

Avdoralimab Inhibits C5a-induced Neutrophil Activation

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Various concentrations of avdoralimab were added to the blood samples in culture-treated 96-well U-bottom plates, and incubated for 20 min at 37°C under an atmosphere containing 5% CO2. We then added 18 nM human recombinant C5a (R&D Systems) to the samples. Plates were incubated for 20 minutes at 37°C under an atmosphere containing 5% CO2. Samples were then stained for flow cytometry analysis with anti-CD16 FITC and anti-CD11b PE-Cy5 antibodies. Erythrocytes were lysed with Optilyse C solution (Beckman Coulter, A11895), according to the manufacturer’s protocol, and resuspended in CytoFix (BD Bioscience 554655) for fixation. Cells were then analyzed on a FACS Canto II flow cytometer (BD Biosciences) with FACS Diva software.
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6

Avdoralimab Inhibits C5a-induced Neutrophil Activation

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Various concentrations of avdoralimab were added to the blood samples in culture-treated 96-well U-bottom plates, and incubated for 20 min at 37°C under an atmosphere containing 5% CO2. We then added 18 nM human recombinant C5a (R&D Systems) to the samples. Plates were incubated for 20 minutes at 37°C under an atmosphere containing 5% CO2. Samples were then stained for flow cytometry analysis with anti-CD16 FITC and anti-CD11b PE-Cy5 antibodies. Erythrocytes were lysed with Optilyse C solution (Beckman Coulter, A11895), according to the manufacturer’s protocol, and resuspended in CytoFix (BD Bioscience 554655) for fixation. Cells were then analyzed on a FACS Canto II flow cytometer (BD Biosciences) with FACS Diva software.
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7

Immunohistochemical analysis of C5aR1 expression

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The following reagents were used in this study: tryptone, yeast extract, cystine lactose electrolyte deficient (CLED) agar (Oxoid, Basingstoke, UK); monoclonal rat anti-mouse Ly6G, polyclonal goat anti-mouse C5aR1 (M-19) (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Heidelberg, Germany); polyclonal rabbit anti-mouse cytokeratin (Abcam); Alexa Fluor 488 donkey anti-goat IgG (Jackson Immunology Research Lab., West Grove, USA); fluorescein-labeled Galanthus nivalis lectin (GNL, which binds to mannosyl residues) (Vector Laboratories, Peterborough, UK); polyclonal rabbit anti-human ZO-1 and 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) (Life Technologies Ltd., Beijing, China); protease inhibitor cocktail, tetramethylrhodamine (TRITC) (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, USA); anti-phospho-ERK1/2 (Thr202/Tyr204), -IκB (Ser 32), and anti-ERK1/2, -IκB antibodies used for Western blot and signaling pathway studies (Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, USA); cell culture medium, fetal calf serum, gentamicin, TRIzol, CountBright™ absolute counting beads, Fast SYBR® Green Master Mix, M-PER mammalian protein extraction reagent, RIPA lysis buffer and BCA protein assay kit (Thermo Fisher, Waltham, USA); human recombinant C5a (R&D Systems); C5aR1 peptide antagonist (PMX53, Ac-Phe-cyclo [Orn-Pro-dCha-Trp-Arg]); and control peptide (random sequence) (synthesized by GenScript, Shanghai, China).
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8

S1P Agonists, Antagonists, and Engineered Chaperone Protocol

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Specific S1P1 agonists, CYM-5442 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) and SEW-2871 and a specific S1P1 antagonist, W146 (Cayman Chemical), were dissolved in DMSO . A novel engineered S1P chaperone, ApoM-Fc loaded with S1P- [19 ], was used in vitro (10 μg/ml) and in vivo (4 mg/kg IP). Human recombinant C5a (R&D Systems; 100 ng/ml) was used to activate PMNs. The following antibodies were used for western blot and/or immunofluorescence: ApoM (ab91656, Abcam), anti-VE-Cadherin (C19, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), and anti-p-MLC2 (T18/S19, Cell Signaling).
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