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Raltegravir

Manufactured by Cayman Chemical
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Raltegravir is a laboratory research product manufactured by Cayman Chemical. It is a HIV-1 integrase inhibitor.

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Lab products found in correlation

Carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (cfse), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions) Efavorez, by Cayman Chemical (2 mentions) Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Toxin Technology (2 mentions) Elvitegravir, by Cayman Chemical (2 mentions) Emtricitabine, by Cayman Chemical (1 mentions) M csf, by STEMCELL (1 mentions) Easysep human monocytes isolation kit, by STEMCELL (1 mentions) Enzyme immunoassay, by Cayman Chemical (1 mentions) Tipranavir, by Cayman Chemical (1 mentions) Methotrexate, by Cayman Chemical (1 mentions) Hacat cells, by CLS Cell Lines Service (1 mentions) Cp55 940, by Cayman Chemical (1 mentions) Prostaglandin e1, by Cayman Chemical (1 mentions) Aminopterin, by Cayman Chemical (1 mentions) Raloxifene, by Cayman Chemical (1 mentions) Miltefosine, by Cayman Chemical (1 mentions) Ceftriaxone, by Cayman Chemical (1 mentions) Valsartan, by Cayman Chemical (1 mentions) Nevirapine, by Tokyo Chemical Industry (1 mentions) Chloroquine phosphate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)

8 protocols using raltegravir

1

Macrophage-Derived Foam Cell Formation

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PBMCs were thawed and monocytes were isolated using EasySep™ human monocytes isolation kit (STEMCELL Technologies Inc., Vancouver, BC, Canada), plated, and differentiated into macrophages for 8 days. M-CSF was used to stimulate MDM at a concentration of 50 ng/mL (STEMCELL Technologies Inc., Vancouver, BC, Canada). To induce foam cell formation, adherent macrophages were treated with 100 μg/mL oxLDL (Kalen Biomedical, Montgomery Village, MD, USA) for 24 h then double-stained with 0.4% oil red O for detection of lipids and anti-CD68 antibody for detection of macrophages. Double-stained CD68+/Oil Red O+-positive cells are considered foam cells. The percentage of macrophages that were also positive for oil red O was quantified in five 20× fields. Each point on the graph corresponds to the average value calculated from five different images captured for each sample. Antiretroviral drugs used were tenofovir (1 μg/mL), emtricitabine (2 μg/mL), and raltegravir (0.1 μg/mL) (Cayman chemical company, Ann Arbor, MI, USA). HIV tat, nef, and gp120 were used at a concentration of 100 ng/mL. Macrophage tropic HIV-ADA was used to infect MDMs at a concentration of 10 ng/mL of p24, a kind gift from Dr. Peter Gaskill (Drexel University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA).
Caocci M., Niu M., Fox H.S, & Burdo T.H. (2024). HIV Infection Drives Foam Cell Formation via NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25(4), 2367.
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2

Inhibition of platelet eicosanoid production by antiretroviral drugs

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Washed human platelets were diluted to 1.1×108 platelets/mL in TSS and 300 μL aliquots were plated into each well of a 96-well plate. Platelets were treated with ARVs or vehicle (PBS or <0.1% DMSO) for 30 minutes at 37°C as follows: ritonavir 5 μM, abacavir 20 μM, darunavir 10 μM, raltegravir 20 μM, lamivudine 20 μM, tipranavir 25 μM, and atazanavir 5 μM. At 30 minutes, the 96-well plates were centrifuged at 1,200 x g for 10 minutes. Platelet supernatants were collected into a separate 96-well plate for storage and stored at −20°C until used to detect TXB2 and PGE2 using enzyme immunoassays (Cayman Chemical). The following ARV reagents were obtained through the NIH AIDS Reagent Program, Division of AIDS, NIAID, NIH: ritonavir (Cat. # 4622), darunavir ethanolate (Cat. # 11447), abacavir (Cat. # 4680), lamivudine (Cat. # 8146), and raltegravir (Cat. # 11680); tipranavir (Cayman Cat. #21028) and atazanavir (Cayman Cat. # 11733) were purchased from Cayman.
Loelius S.G., Lannan K.L., Blumberg N., Phipps R.P, & Spinelli S.L. (2018). The HIV protease inhibitor, ritonavir, dysregulates human platelet function in vitro.. Thrombosis research, 169, 96-104.
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3

Memory B Cell Co-Culture Assay for HIV-Specific Antibody Response

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Memory B cells (5,000 cells/well) were cultured with T cells (5,000 cells/well) in a V-bottom plate with media supplemented with the anti-retroviral drugs Raltegravir (1uM, Cayman Chemical) and Efavorez (1uM, Cayman Chemical). For a subset of experiments that examined stability of CXCR5 expression, TFH cells were stained with CFSE (3uM, Invitrogen) after sorting and prior to coculture. Cells were treated with DMSO, SEB (1ug/mL, Toxin Technology), or Gag and Env peptide pools (0.25ug/mL of #12425 and #12540, NIH AIDS Reagent Program). Measurements of IgG level, B and T cell phenotypes were assayed after 7 days in culture. IFN-γ level in the supernatant was measured using Luminex by the Human Immunology Core at the University of Pennsylvania. For detection of HIV-specific T cells, LN cells were incubated with 0.25ug/mL of Gag peptide pools and analyzed for OX40 and CD25 co-expression after 18 hours.
Del Alcazar D., Wang Y., He C., Wendel B.S., Del Río-Estrada P.M., Lin J., Ablanedo-Terrazas Y., Malone M.J., Hernandez S.M., Frank I., Naji A., Reyes-Terán G., Jiang N, & Su L.F. (2019). Mapping the Lineage Relationship between CXCR5+ and CXCR5− CD4+ T Cells in HIV-Infected Human Lymph Nodes. Cell reports, 28(12), 3047-3060.e7.
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4

Characterization of HaCaT Keratinocytes

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Chemicals were of the purest analytical grade (>95%). [3H]CP55,940 (126 Ci/mmol) was from Perkin Elmer Life Sciences, Inc. (Boston, MA, USA). Avanafil, Aminopterin, Ceftriaxone, CP55,940, Dofetilide, Methotrexate, Miltefosine, Prostaglandin E1, Raloxifene, Raltegravir, Riociguart and Valsartan were from Cayman Chemical Company, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. Human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) were provided by CLS Cell Lines Service GmbH, (Eppelheim, Germany).
Criscuolo E., De Sciscio M.L., De Cristofaro A., Nicoara C., Maccarrone M, & Fezza F. (2023). Computational and Experimental Drug Repurposing of FDA-Approved Compounds Targeting the Cannabinoid Receptor CB1. Pharmaceuticals, 16(12), 1678.
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5

Anti-HIV Drugs Solubilization Protocol

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Efavirenz and Nevirapine (Tokyo Chemical Industry, Tokyo, Japan) were resolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). 3’-Azido-2’,3’-dideoxythymidine-5’-triphosphate (AZT-TP, Jena Bioscience, Jena, Germany) was resolved in nuclease-free distilled water. Raltegravir (Cayman Chemical, Ann Arbor, MI, USA) was resolved in DMSO.
Masuda T., Kotani O., Yokoyama M., Abe Y., Kawai G, & Sato H. (2022). Cis-Allosteric Regulation of HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase by Integrase. Viruses, 15(1), 31.
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6

Memory B Cell Co-Culture Assay for HIV-Specific Antibody Response

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Memory B cells (5,000 cells/well) were cultured with T cells (5,000 cells/well) in a V-bottom plate with media supplemented with the anti-retroviral drugs Raltegravir (1uM, Cayman Chemical) and Efavorez (1uM, Cayman Chemical). For a subset of experiments that examined stability of CXCR5 expression, TFH cells were stained with CFSE (3uM, Invitrogen) after sorting and prior to coculture. Cells were treated with DMSO, SEB (1ug/mL, Toxin Technology), or Gag and Env peptide pools (0.25ug/mL of #12425 and #12540, NIH AIDS Reagent Program). Measurements of IgG level, B and T cell phenotypes were assayed after 7 days in culture. IFN-γ level in the supernatant was measured using Luminex by the Human Immunology Core at the University of Pennsylvania. For detection of HIV-specific T cells, LN cells were incubated with 0.25ug/mL of Gag peptide pools and analyzed for OX40 and CD25 co-expression after 18 hours.
Del Alcazar D., Wang Y., He C., Wendel B.S., Del Río-Estrada P.M., Lin J., Ablanedo-Terrazas Y., Malone M.J., Hernandez S.M., Frank I., Naji A., Reyes-Terán G., Jiang N, & Su L.F. (2019). Mapping the Lineage Relationship between CXCR5+ and CXCR5− CD4+ T Cells in HIV-Infected Human Lymph Nodes. Cell reports, 28(12), 3047-3060.e7.
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7

Screening of Antiviral Compound Library

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Molecular biology grade DMSO was purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA), Sterile PBS was from ThermoFisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). 3CLpro inhibitor screening enzymatic assay kits (Catalog #79955-1) were from BPS Biosciences (San Diego, CA, USA). Amprenavir, Atazanavir sulfate, Candicin, Chloroquine Phosphate, Hydroychloroquine Sulfate, and Lopinavir were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Saint Louis, MO). Beclabuvir, Temsavir were from Medchem Express (Monmouth Junction, NJ). Abacavir (sulfate), Arbidol hydrochloride, Asunaprevir, Atrovastatin, Boceprevir, Daclatasvir, Danoprevir, Darunavir, Delavirdine (mesylate), Edoxudine, Elbasvir, Elvitegravir, Etravirine, Favipiravir, Fumagillin, Glecaprevir, Grazoprevir, Indinavir sulfate, Itraconazole, Ivermectin, Ledipasvir (G-5885), Maraviroc, Methylprednisolone, micafungin sodium, ombitasvir, Oseltamivir phosphate, Paritaprevir, Peramivir, Pibrentasvir, Pimodivir, Pleconaril, Posaconazole, Quinine, Raltegravir (potassium salt), Remdesivir, Ribavirin 5’-monophosphate (lithium salt), Ribostamycin sulfate, Rilpivirine, Saquinavir, Telaprevir, Tenofovir diphosphate (sodium salt), and Velpatasvir were purchased from Cayman Chemicals (Ann Arbor, MI).
Mody V., Ho J., Wills S., Mawri A., Lawson L., Ebert M.C., Fortin G.M., Rayalam S, & Taval S. (2021). Identification of 3-chymotrypsin like protease (3CLPro) inhibitors as potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents. Communications Biology, 4, 93.
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8

Antifolate Compound Characterization

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Dolutegravir and cabotegravir were provided by GlaxoSmithKline (Zebulon, NC). Bictegravir was purchased from Medkoo Biosciences (Morrisville, NC). Raltegravir and elvitegravir were obtained from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI). Methotrexate, pemetrexed, valproic acid, and bromosulfophthalein were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). [ 3 H]-folic acid and [ 3 H]-Methotrexate were purchased from Moravek (Brea, CA). All other chemicals were of reagent grade and are readily available from commercial sources.
Zamek-Gliszczynski M.J., Zhang X., Mudunuru J., Du Y., Chen J.L., Taskar K.S., Huang J., Huang Y, & Romach E.H. (2019). Clinical Extrapolation of the Effects of Dolutegravir and Other HIV Integrase Inhibitors on Folate Transport Pathways. Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, 47(8).
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