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CCNE2 is a lab equipment product offered by Cell Signaling Technology. It serves as a tool for analyzing cell cycle regulation. The core function of CCNE2 is to provide a means for researchers to study the expression and activity of the cyclin E2 protein, which plays a crucial role in cell cycle progression.

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5 protocols using ccne2

1

Western Blot Analysis of Cell Cycle Regulators

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Western blots were conducted as previously described [25 (link)]. Primary antibodies specific to CDK1, CCNB1, CCNE2, BIRC5, AURKA, FOXM1, WDR5, H3K4me3 (1:1000, Cell Signalling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), histone H3 (1:2000, Cell Signalling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), XRCC2, MCM2, PLK1, and GAPDH (1:1000, Abcam) were used. The PVDF films were then incubated with secondary antibodies (anti-mouse or anti-rabbit, Promega, USA) and visualized using Immobilon enhanced chemiluminescence (Millipore). The full images of all Western blots are shown in Supplementary Fig. 9.
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2

Protein Expression and Quantification

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The cells were lysed using the mammalian protein extraction reagent RIPA (Beyotime, Beijing, China). Approximately a 50 μg protein extraction was separated by 10% SDS-PAGE, transferred to 0.22 mm nitrocellulose (NC) membrane (Sigma), and incubated with specific antibodies. Autoradiograms were quantified by densitometry using Quantity One software (Bio-Rad, CA, USA). β-actin (diluted 1:1000) antibody was used as a control and rabbit anti-FBXW7 (1:1000 dilution), p14 (1:100 dilution), p16 (1:100 dilution), p21 (1:150 dilution), p27 (1:50 dilution), CDK2 (1:200 dilution), CDK4 (1:100 dilution), CDK6 (1:100 dilution), c-myc (1:150 dilution), CCND1 (1:100 dilution), CCND2 (1:150 dilution), CCND3 (1:100 dilution), CCNE1 (1:150 dilution), CCNE2 (1:50 dilution) were provided by Cell Signaling Technology (MA, USA).
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3

Western Blot Analysis of Cell Cycle Proteins

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The proteins extracted from the cell lysates were loaded with 50 µg in each lane, which was further separated by 10% sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and transferred to polyvinylidene fluoride membranes (Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA). The membranes were probed with antibodies against CCND1 (no. 3300; dilution, 1:1,000), CCND2 (no. 3741; dilution, 1:1,000), CDK2 (no. 2546; dilution, 1:1,000), and CCNE2 (no. 4132; dilution: 1:1,000) (Cell Signaling Technology, Beverly, MA, USA) overnight at 4°C, and then incubated with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibodies (no. 7071; dilution, 1:3,000) (Cell Signaling Technology) for 1 h at room temperature. Immune complexes were detected by enhanced chemiluminescence (Cell Signaling Technology). α-tubulin (no. 12351; dilution, 1:1,000) (Cell Signaling Technology) was used to correct for differences in protein loading from the control and experimental groups.
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4

Generating Breast Cancer Cell Lines Resistant to FOXM1 Inhibitors

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All breast cancer cell lines were obtained from the ATCC and were maintained and cultured as described [7 (link),38 (link),39 (link)]. Cells resistant to the growth suppressive effects of inhibitors were developed by a selection of surviving cells by continuous exposure to increasing concentrations of NB73 or NB115 compounds over a period of 6 to 9 months, starting at 0.1 µM and increasing until a maintenance concentration of 10 µM was reached. Aliquots of pooled resistant cells were frozen and stored in liquid nitrogen. Aliquots were thawed when cells were in culture for more than 10 passages. The cell aliquots were faithful to the original phenotype based on the experiments described herein. All cells were tested for mycoplasma using MycoSensor PCR Assay Kit from Agilent Technologies (Santa Clara, CA, USA). FOXM1 inhibitors were synthesized as described previously [11 (link)]. Fulvestrant and lapatinib were obtained from Sigma Aldrich (Burlington, MA, USA). Antibodies against ERα, FOXM1, E2F1, CCND1, CCNE2, CDK4, STAT1, pSTAT1, STAT3, and pSTAT3 were from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA); the antibody to HER2 was from Abcam; the antibody to EGFR was from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Dallas, TX, USA); and the antibody to β-actin was from Sigma Aldrich. Further antibody information is provided in Supplementary Table S1.
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5

Western Blot Analysis of CCNE2 Protein

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Whole cell proteins were separated using 10 % SDS-PAGE, transferred onto nitrocellulose membranes, and probed with antibodies against CCNE2 (1:1,000; Cell Signaling Technology), and β-actin (1:5,000; Sigma). After overnight incubation, the membranes were washed and incubated with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibodies (Dako). Finally, membranes were washed and visualized using the ECL Plus detection kit (GE Healthcare).
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