Acetone

Eight-week-old male C57BL/6N mice (Koatech Co., Namyangju-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea) were anesthetized with 2,2,2-tribromoethanol (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) through 400 mg/kg IP injections. The mouse backs were plucked to induce a synchronized hair cycle [29 (link)]. To monitor the protein expression pattern during the depilation-induced hair cycle, tissues were harvested on the indicated days after depilation, respectively. To confirm the inhibitory effect of shikonin on anagen induction, depilation was similarly performed in the dorsal skins of 8-week-old male C57BL/6N mice (Koatech Co.). One hundred and fifty μL of shikonin (Sigma-Aldrich) was applied topically daily for 5 or 11 days. shikonin was dissolved in acetone (Duksan Pure Chemicals Co., Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea). After the experiments were completed, the mice were euthanized using CO₂ gas.

Lumogen violet and IR788 were purchased from BASF (Ludwigshafen, Germany). Pluronic^® F127 (MW 12,600) and PETA were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Burlington, MA, USA). Chloroform (99.8%, HPLC grade) was purchased from Samchun (Seoul, Korea), and acetone (99.9%) was purchased from DUKSAN (Ansan, Korea). Ultra-pure water (18 MΩ) purified on a MilliQ-Millipore system (Merck Millipore, Burlington, MA, USA) that was used throughout the synthesis of NP.

PVDF powder (Mw = 534,000; Sigma–Aldrich Inc., Saint Louis, MO, USA) was added to a solvent mixture of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF; Junsei Chemical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) and acetone (Duksan Pure Chemicals Co., Ltd., Ansan, Korea). The DMF/acetone ratio was 5:5, and the PVDF concentration was 14 wt%. After preparing a 14 wt% PVDF solution and a dispersion of 0.04 wt% single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with the same weight, the prepared solution and dispersion were mixed with additional PVDF powder to obtain a 15 wt% PVDF solution with 0.02 wt% SWCNTs. To produce flexible electrodes, SWCNTs (Tuball Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes, Ocsial, Luxembourg) were dispersed in water at 0.1% with 0.2 wt% sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS; Sigma–Aldrich Inc., USA) using a tip sonicator.

Six-week-old male C57BL/6N mice were adapted to their new environment for 1 week. After 1 week of acclimation, seven-week-old mice, whose hair follicles entered the telogen phase [32 (link)], were anesthetized with 2,2,2-tribromoethanol (Sigma-Aldrich) through 400 mg/kg IP injections. After shaving mouse backs with a hair clipper, 150 μL of each drug was applied daily for 14, 28, or 35 days to the shaved dorsal skin of the mice; TEPP-46 (Cayman Chemical, Ann Arbor, MI, USA) was dissolved in 90% acetone (Duksan Pure Chemicals Co.) and 10% Tween 80 (Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Tokyo, Japan); minoxidil (MNX; Tokyo Chemical Industry Co.) was dissolved in 30% (v/v) water, 20% propylene glycol (Junsei Chemical Industry Co., Tokyo, Japan), and 50% ethanol (Duksan Pure Chemicals Co., Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea); KY19382 was dissolved in polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400) (Sigma-Aldrich). To evaluate re-grown hair, re-grown hairs were collected using a clipper and were measured using a precision balance. After the experiments were completed, the mice were euthanized using CO₂ gas.