Atractylodin

Hesperidin, atractylodin, hypoxanthine, cucurbitacins B, and taurine (0.2 g each) were separately added to different 5-ml centrifuge tubes with chromatographic methanol (34860, Sigma-Aldrich, United States) and sonicated for 15 min. Then 0.2 ml solution was filtered using a 0.22-µm filter, and the filtrate was collected and centrifuged at 18000 r/min for 5 min. Finally, 20 µl of the supernatants for each compound was used for high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (20AT, Shimadzu, Japan). The reference standards of Hesperidin, atractylodin,hypoxanthine, cucurbitacins B, and taurine were purchased from Shanghai Yuanye Bio-Technology Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China). Its purity is greater than or equal to 98%

Acetic acid (Tianjin Chemical Reagent Company, China); xylene (Shanghai Chemical Reagent Company, China); aspirin (Shenyang Aojina Pharmaceutical Company, China); diphenoxylate (Xinxiang Changle Pharmaceutical Company, China); castor oil (Shanghai Aladdin Industrial Corporation, China); and acetonitrile and methanol (HPLC grade) were purchased from Fisher Scientific (England); quercetin, berberine, atractylodin, matrine and patehouli aleohal were purchased from Shanghai Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Purity of all ≥98%, China).