Protopine

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany

Protopine is a laboratory equipment product manufactured by Merck Group. It is a specialized device used for conducting scientific research and analysis in various fields. The core function of Protopine is to facilitate the preparation and handling of samples for further investigation and testing.

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4 protocols using protopine

HPLC Analysis of Medicinal Alkaloids

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Alkaloid standards protopine, allocryptopine, berberine, chelidonine, chelerythrine, and sanguinarine were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA), and coptisine was purchased from ChromaDex (Los Angeles, CA, USA). Ammonium acetate, acetic acid, HPLC-grade methanol, and acetonitrile were supplied by Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). The liquid chromatography LC grade water was prepared using an ULTRAPURE Millipore Direct-QVR 3UV-R system (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany).

Staniak M., Wójciak-Kosior M., Sowa I., Strzemski M., Sawicki J., Dresler S, & Tyszczuk-Rotko K. (2019). Applicability of a Monolithic Column for Separation of Isoquinoline Alkalodis from Chelidonium majus Extract. Molecules, 24(19), 3612.

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Cytotoxicity Screening of Natural Compounds

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Fangchinoline, amentoflavone, palmatine hydrochloride, sennoside B, docetaxel, bisdemethoxycurcumin, (+)-bicuculline, protopine, isoliquiritigenin, emodin, berberine, Cephalomannine, 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were purchased from Sigma (U.S.).

Winardi D., Chu P.Y., Chen G.Y., Wang K., Hsu W.Y., Hsieh C.L., Chen Y.H., Wu Y.C, & Yang J.C. (2022). Novel Aurora A Kinase Inhibitor Fangchinoline Enhances Cisplatin–DNA Adducts and Cisplatin Therapeutic Efficacy in OVCAR-3 Ovarian Cancer Cells-Derived Xenograft Model. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(3), 1868.

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Quantification of Alkaloids by UHPSFC

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All organic solvents (methanol, acetonitrile), except chloroform, which was purchased from ChemLab, and the additives (formic acid, acetic acid, hydrochloric acid, ammonia, diethylamine) had HPLC quality and were acquired from VWR International. Ammonium formate was from Serva. HPLC grade water was prepared in house at the Department of Pharmacognosy by a Sartorius Arium purification system. The 4.5 grade carbon dioxide (purity ≥ 99.995 %) required for UHPSFC analyses was obtained from Messer.
Standards of the seven alkaloids (see ▶ Fig. 1) were acquired from different suppliers: stylopine (1), sanguinarine (2), chelerythrine (4), and coptisine (7) were from MedChemExpress (distributed via THP chemicals) and chelidonine (3), protopine (5) , and berberine (6) from Sigma-Aldrich. They all had a purity of more than 98 %. The compounds were well soluble in methanol and the respective solutions stable for at least 4 weeks if stored at 4 °C (as confirmed by repeated UHPSFC analyses).

Zwerger M., Boeck L., Manzl J., Schwaiger S, & Ganzera M. (2024). Novel Approaches for the Analysis and Isolation of Benzylisoquinoline Alkaloids in Chelidonium majus. Planta medica, 90(7-08).

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Evaluation of LPS and Protopine on NCM460 Cells

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NCM460 (a normal human colon mucosal epithelial cell line) cells were acquired from American Tissue Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA). The Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM; Thermo Fisher, Shanghai, China) containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS; Gibco, MA, USA) and 1% penicillin/streptomycin was applied to cultivate NCM460 cells at 37°C in a moist incubator with 5% CO 2 . LPS (from Escherichia coli 0111:B4; Sigma-Aldrich St. Louis, MO, USA; Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany; 0, 2, 5, and 10 μg/mL) or protopine (Sigma-Aldrich; 0, 5, 10, and 20 μM) was used to treat NCM460 cells.

Li J., Xu Z., OuYang C., Wu X., Xie Y, & Xie J. (2022). Protopine alleviates lipopolysaccharide-triggered intestinal epithelial cell injury through retarding the NLRP3 and NF-κB signaling pathways to reduce inflammation and oxidative stress. Allergologia et immunopathologia, 50(6).

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