Spitfire pro f1kxp

Photoluminescence spectra were tested on a HORIBA Fluoromax-4 (HORIBA JY, HORIBA Fluoromax-4, USA) under laser excitation at 350 nm. TAS measurements were performed on a Helios (Ultrafast Systems, Helios, USA) spectrometer using a regeneratively amplified femtosecond Ti:Sapphire laser system (Spitfire Pro-F1KXP, Spectra-Physics; frequency, 1 kHz; maximum pulse energy, ~8 mJ; pulse width, 120 fs) under an excitation wavelength of 350 nm. The data were analyzed through commercial software (Surface Xplore, Ultrafast Systems). IMPS measurements were performed using a Gamry electrochemical workstation (Gamry Interface 1010E, USA). Intensity-modulated light was provided by light-emitting diodes, allowing sinusoidal modulation (~10%) to be superimposed on the DC illumination level. The frequency-dependent photocurrents were recorded in 0.5 M NaB (pH 7) at different potentials from 0.1 to 10 kHz under the light wavelength of 470 nm.

The fs-TA measurements were performed with a regeneratively amplified femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser system (Spitfire Pro, Spectra Physics) and a Ultrafast Systems, Helios model. The excitation pulse of 1 kHz, 240 to 2600 nm, and pulse width of 120 fs were created by an optical parametric amplifier (TOPAS-C, Spectra-Physics) pumped by a regeneratively amplified femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser system (800 nm, 1 kHz, pulse energy 4 mJ pulse width, and a pulse width of 120 fs; Spitfire Pro-F1KXP, Spectra Physics), which was seeded by a femtosecond Ti:sapphire oscillator (80 MHz, pulse width, 70 fs, 710–920 nm, Maitai XF-1, Spectra-Physics). The probe pulse was obtained using ~5% of the amplified 800-nm output from the Spitfire to generate a white-light continuum (430 to 800 nm) in a sapphire plate. The maximum extent of the temporal delay was 3300 ps. The instrument response function was determined to be 150 fs. The probe beam was split into two (traveled through the sample/sent directly to the reference spectrometer) before passing through the sample. Fiber optics was coupled to a multichannel spectrometer with a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor sensor that had a 1.5-nm intrinsic resolution. The sample suspension was excited by a 360-nm pump beam.

Intensity-modulated photocurrent spectroscopy (IMPS) was implemented with a potentiostat (PGSTAT302N, Metrohm), an impedance analyzer (FRA32M, Metrohm), and a light-emitting diode (LED) driver kit (Metrohm) that drove illumination of 420-nm power UV LED in 1 M KOH at various voltages. Transient absorption spectroscopy (TAS) measurements were carried out on Helios (Ultrafast systems) spectrometers using a regeneratively amplified femtosecond Ti: sapphire laser system (Spitfire Pro-F1KXP, Spectra-Physics; frequency, 1 kHz; max pulse energy, ~8 mJ; pulse width, 120 fs), and the experimental results were examined using ultrafast systems commercial software (Surface Xplorer). An individual three-exponential decay model was used to calculate the fits of the decay. The measured decay dynamics was calculated the amplitude weighted average life (τ_av) using the equation of ${\tau }_{av}=\frac{SUM[Ai\times \tau i]}{SUM\left[Ai\right]}$  , where A_i is the amplitude of the component with lifetime (τ_i), and τ_i is the amplitude weighted lifetime.