C fos 2250s

Chemicals were bought from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, US) unless indicated otherwise. Cell permeable peptide (CPP)-conjugated peptides were synthesized by ChinaPeptides Company (Shanghai, China). Recombinant GST-RANKL was purified as previously described ^{(23 (link))}. Mouse M-CSF was prepared from CMG14–12 cells, an M-CSF-producing cell line ^{(24 (link))}. Antibodies against IĸBα (4812S), phospho-IĸBα (2859S), p44/42ERK (4695S), phospho-p44/42ERK (#9101S), JNK (9252S), phospho-JNK (9251S), p38 (#9212), phospho-p38 (9215S), Akt (9272S), phospho-Akt (#9271S), and c-Fos (2250S) were obtained from Cell Signaling Technology (Beverly, MA, US). Antibodies against NFATc1 (sc-7294) and RANK (sc-34249) were from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, US). Alexa Fluor-488 phalloidin (A12379) was bought from Life Technologies (Carlsbad, CA, US), and Hoechst-33258 (sc-391053) was from Santa Cruz Biotechnology. Pg strain ATCC33277 was grown in enriched trypticase soy agar plates at 37 °C under the conditions of 10% H₂, 5% CO₂, and 85% N₂ as previously described ^{(21 )}. Bacteria were collected and washed with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). The bacterial colony forming units were measured as the optical density at 580 nm.