The PPT is a form of quantitative sensory testing that enhances the understanding of pain sensitivity and musculoskeletal pain [22 (link)-24 (link)]. Moreover, it has strong interrater reliability across multiple raters [25 (link)]. The PPT effectively depicts pain intensity and is widely applied in patients with KOA. PPTs will be measured using a portable machine (FDX50, Digital Force Gauge, Wagner Instruments) [26 (link),27 (link)]. The patient will be placed in a supine position. The variable collector will select four points for measurement: (1) 3 cm medial to the midpoint of the medial patellar border, (2) the center of the patella, (3) 3 cm lateral to the midpoint of the lateral patellar border, and (4) the belly of the deltoid muscle of the affected upper limb (Figure 3 ) [28 (link)]. The pain test needle will be moved slowly at 0.1 kg/s until the participant feels pain. The measurement will be repeated 3 times at each site with an interval of 25 s, and the average will be calculated [29 (link)].
Fdx50
Manufactured by Wagner Instruments
Sourced in United States
The FDX50 is a digital force gauge designed for measuring compressive and tensile forces. It features a highly accurate load cell, a backlit LCD display, and a simple user interface. The FDX50 is suitable for a variety of applications that require precise force measurement.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
4 protocols using fdx50
1
Pressure Pain Threshold Testing for Knee Osteoarthritis
2
Pressure Pain Threshold Measurement in Knee Osteoarthritis
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
PPTs are quantitative sensory tests that are widely used in the prediction and evaluation of clinical therapeutic effects in patients with KOA [40 (link)–43 (link)]. An experienced trained clinician (CXG) will perform all PPT measurements using the FDX-50 portable pain tester (Wagner Instruments, Greenwich, CT, USA) to minimize measurement variability. The specific operation is as follows: the patient will lie down in the supine position, and two points of the operated knee joint will be used for testing: (1) lateral point: located 3 cm lateral to the midpoint of the lateral edge of the patella, and (2) medial point: located 3 cm medial to the midpoint of the medial edge of the patella. A 1-cm2 probe will be applied perpendicular to the skin, and the pressure will be maintained at 10 kPa/s. Patients will be instructed to say “stop” the first time they feel pain, at which point the PPT readings will be recorded. Three readings will be taken at each site, with the final two readings averaged to increase the reliability. There will be a small change in the probe position of the pain meter on the skin between each reading to avoid sensitization of the test area [44 (link)].
3
Pressure Pain Threshold Measurement
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Pressure pain thresholds were assessed by applying increased pressure delivered with a pressure gauge device with a probe area of 1 cm2 (FDX50; Wagner Instruments, Greenwich, CT) to the skin. Participants were instructed to say “stop” as soon as the pressure started to become painful. At each measurement, PPTs were assessed 3 times, with a 30-second interstimulus interval,5 (link) and the arithmetic mean of the 3 repeated measures was used for analysis.20 (link) At the beginning of the experiment, the areas at which the PPTs were measured were marked to allow for consistency of the tested area, and participants were familiarized to the assessment of their PPTs.
4
Pressure Algometry for Shoulder Pain
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Patients were seated and the points of pressure (i.e., coracoid process, acromioclavicular (AC) joint, and the anterolateral subacromial area (two centimeters below the anterolateral angle of the acromion)) were marked with a pencil. During this test, pressure was built up gradually at 1 kg/cm2/second to 4 kg/cm2 with a digital pressure algometer (Wagner Instruments FDX 50, Greenwich, CT, USA) on these pressure points (Figure 1 ). This value was used in a previous study for palpation [23 (link)]. The participants scored the intensity of pain for each area on the verbal VAS from 0 (no pain) to 10 points (most severe pain). The test procedure was always first performed on the affected (or dominant) shoulder and followed by the unaffected (or non-dominant) shoulder. No familiarization trial on other regions was performed. The examination was performed by an experienced researcher (MM) with almost 10 years clinical experience. The original approach was considered positive when there was a difference in severity of at least three points between the coracoid process and both other two areas. The pain severity approach was considered positive if pain was rated at least moderate at all three areas. For the side comparison approach, the test was considered positive if there was a difference of at least 1.1 points on the VAS between sides for all three areas.
About PubCompare
Our mission is to provide scientists with the largest repository of trustworthy protocols and intelligent analytical tools, thereby offering them extensive information to design robust protocols aimed at minimizing the risk of failures.
We believe that the most crucial aspect is to grant scientists access to a wide range of reliable sources and new useful tools that surpass human capabilities.
However, we trust in allowing scientists to determine how to construct their own protocols based on this information, as they are the experts in their field.
Ready to get started?
Sign up for free.
Registration takes 20 seconds.
Available from any computer
No download required
Revolutionizing how scientists
search and build protocols!