Orientin

Chromatographic‐grade acetonitrile and methanol were obtained from Fisher Scientific. Formic acid in MS grade was provided by Sigma‐Aldrich. Distilled water was produced via a Millipore water purification system (Millipore). All other chemicals were of analytical grade. For standards, luteolin (111,520–201,605), and chlorogenic acid (110,753–202,018) were purchased from NIFDC (National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Changchun, Jilin, China). Isoorientin (B21528), orientin (B20143), vitexin (B20875), isovitexin (B21544), cynaroside (B20887), DPPH, ABTS, and 2,4,6‐Tris(2‐pyridyl)‐s‐triazine (TPTZ) were obtained from Shanghai Yuanye Bio‐Technology Co., Ltd.
Fifteen batches of L. gracile herbal materials were collected from their main origin in China and identified by Prof. Jiyu Gong of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences. The information of samples is shown in Table S1.

The standard substances isoquercitrin, orientin, and luteolin (all purity ≥ 98%) were purchased from Beijing Solarbio Technology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). isoquercitrin (purity ≥ 98%) was provided by Wuhan Chemfaces Bio-Technology Co., Ltd. (Wuhan, China), and orientin (purity ≥ 98%) was purchased from Shanghai yuanye Bio-Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China) in animal experiments. Quercetin (purity ≥ 97%), 2,2-diphenyl-1-pi-Crylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), 2,4,6-tris (2-pyridyl)-S-triazine (TPTZ), 2,2′-azobis (2-methylpropionamidine) dihydro-chloride (AAPH), fluorescein sodium, 6-hidroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox), α-amylase (500 U/g), pepsin (≥2500 U/mg), trypsin (≥3000 U/mg), and formic acid (HPLC gradient grade) were purchased from the Aladdin Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). In addition, bile salt was obtained from Beijing Solarbio Technology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). Ultrapure water was purchased from Watsons (Hongkong, China). Acetonitrile (HPLC gradient grade) was provided by Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). T-AOC kit was purchased from Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute (Nanjing, China) and Beyotime Biotechnology (Shanghai, China).