Long-term light soaking test for over 1000 h was conducted by exposing the unsealed device to a white LED light with intensity of 97 mW/cm2 (0.97 sun) in N2 glove box at temperature ranging between 25 and 31 °C, where UV filter (Schott, GG-400) was applied to the device and pre-conditioning was performed before light soaking experiment by aging the fresh device for 96 h under 0.6 mW/cm2. The J–V curves and the steady-state PCE at maximum power point tracking (MPPT) were measured every 12 h or 24 h in dry room with relative humidity of <5% using a solar simulator (VeraSol-2 LED Class AAA Solar Simulator (Newport), 100 mW/cm2). After each measurement, the devices were stored under 0.97 sun illumination in N2 globe box again. The metal mask with aperture area of 0.10 cm2 was placed on top of the cell.
Gg 400
Manufactured by Schott
Sourced in Germany
The GG-400 is a high-performance laboratory equipment designed for versatile applications. It serves as a reliable tool for a wide range of experimental and analytical tasks. The GG-400 is engineered to provide accurate and consistent results, making it a valuable asset in various scientific and research settings.
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4 protocols using gg 400
1
Long-term Light Soaking of Optoelectronic Devices
2
Photocrosslinkable PVA-Sericin-Gelatin Hydrogels
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PVA-Tyr was synthesized as described previously (Aregueta-Robles et al., 2018 (link)). Hydrogels composed of PVA-Tyr functionalized with sericin and gelatin (PVA-SG) were then prepared by dissolving 8 wt% of PVA-Tyr polymer with 1 wt% sericin (Sigma S5201) and 1 wt% gelatin (Sigma G1890) in 1X Dulbecco’s phosphate-buffered saline (DPBS, Sigma D8537) at 60°C to achieve a 10 wt% macromer solution. Upon complete dissolution, the macromer solution was allowed to cool down to room temperature (RT) and the photoinitiators tris (2,20-bipyridyl)dichlororuthenium(II) hexahydrate (Ru, Sigma 224758) and sodium persulfate (SPS, Sigma S6172) were added at a concentration of 1.2 mM and 12 mM, respectively. Subsequently, hydrogel solution was placed into circular silicone molds (10 mm diameter and 0.8 mm thickness) and covered with a glass cover slip. Hydrogels were polymerized by irradiating visible light (400–450 nm, Bluewave Dymax with a Schott GG400 long-pass filter, cut-on wavelength of 400 nm) for 3 min at an intensity of 15 mW/cm2. The final synthesized PVA-SG hydrogels were characterized as shown in Supplementary Figure S1 .
PVA-SG hydrogels were fabricated under sterile conditions for in vitro cell studies.
PVA-SG hydrogels were fabricated under sterile conditions for in vitro cell studies.
3
Time-Resolved Fluorescence Spectroscopy Protocol
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The fluorescence lifetimes were measured with a partially home-built time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) setup as previously described (40 (link)). For excitation, a mode-locked titanium-doped sapphire (Ti:Sa) laser (Tsunami 3941-X3BB, Spectra-Physics, Darmstadt, Germany) was pumped by a 10 W continuous wave diode pumped solid state laser (Millennia eV, Spectra-Physics, 532 nm). The Ti:Sa laser provided pulses of 775 nm central wavelength with a repetition rate of 80 MHz. With the help of an acousto-optic modulator, the repetition rate was reduced to 8 MHz and the excitation wavelength of 388 nm was obtained by SHG in a BBO crystal (frequency doubler and pulse selector, Model 3980, Spectra-Physics). Excitation pulses of about 0.1 nJ at 388 nm were applied to the sample. The sample was prepared in a 10 × 4 mm quartz cuvette (29-F/Q/10, Starna) with a fixed temperature of 20°C. Emission filters (GG395, GG400, Schott AG, Mainz, Germany) suppressed excitation stray light. The instrument response function (IRF, FWHM 200 ps) was obtained without emission filters using a TiO2 suspension as scattering sample. For single-photon detection, a photomultiplier tube (PMT, PMA-C 182-M, PicoQuant, Berlin, Germany) and a TimeHarp 260 PICO Single PCIe card (PicoQuant) were used. Multi-exponential fitting was carried out with FluoFit Pro 4.6 (PicoQuant) (64 ).
4
Interconversion of Spin Probes by Light
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To determine the interconversion between I and II, two different setups were used. In the first one, experiments were carried out by irradiating the samples in square prismatic cell using a 150 W Osram Xe lamp, provided with a PTI 101 monochromator to isolate the bands at 303 ± 20, 450 ± 12 and 530 ± 12 nm. The former band was used to produce the TEMPOL-H from TEMPOL. The regeneration of TEMPOL from its hydroxylamine was first explored using two long-pass glass filters (Schott GG-400 and GG-435) to prevent absorption of wavelengths shorter than = 435 nm and then carefully scrutinized by isolating the bands at 450 and 530 nm with the above mentioned monochromator. In the first setup, well determined volumes (20 µl) of the suspension were withdrawn from the cell and transferred to thin cylindrical silica EPR tubes in order to record the EPR spectrum. Alternatively, to minimize possible errors, the samples were directly irradiated in the EPR tubes using the same light sources.
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