Blood agar

Manufactured by HiMedia

Sourced in India, United States

Blood agar is a microbiological culture medium used for the isolation and identification of various bacteria. It consists of a nutrient agar base supplemented with defibrinated sheep or horse blood. The blood in the agar provides essential nutrients and growth factors for certain fastidious microorganisms, and also allows for the detection of hemolytic activity, which can be a useful diagnostic characteristic for certain bacteria.

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Lab products found in correlation

Macconkey agar, by HiMedia (25 mentions) Nutrient agar, by HiMedia (9 mentions) Mannitol salt agar, by HiMedia (8 mentions) Chocolate agar, by HiMedia (7 mentions) Eosin methylene blue agar, by HiMedia (3 mentions) Brain heart infusion broth bhi, by HiMedia (2 mentions) Bloodagar and macconkey agar, by HiMedia (2 mentions) Macconkey agar, by BD (2 mentions) Vitek 2 system, by bioMérieux (2 mentions) Sabouraud dextrose agar, by HiMedia (2 mentions) Vitek 2 compact microbial detection system, by bioMérieux (1 mentions) Sucrose, by HiMedia (1 mentions) Macconkey, by BD (1 mentions) Blood agar, by BD (1 mentions) Brain heart infusion broth, by HiMedia (1 mentions) Cetrimide agar, by HiMedia (1 mentions) Macerozyme r 10, by HiMedia (1 mentions) Mueller hinton, by HiMedia (1 mentions) Mili q, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Potato dextrose agar (pda), by HiMedia (1 mentions)

Spelling variants of this product

Blood agar plates (17 citations) Sheep blood agar (14 citations) Blood agar base (9 citations) Sheep blood agar plates (6 citations) Blood agar media (5 citations) Blood agar medium (4 citations) Colombia blood agar (3 citations) Columbia blood agar (3 citations) Columbia sheep blood agar plates (2 citations)

56 protocols using blood agar

Antimicrobial Effects of Mouthrinses

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In this experimental in vitro study, 0.2% sodium fluoride (Behsa, Arak, Iran) and 0.2% CHX (Nazhou, Behsa, Tehran, Iran) mouth rinses were used. Tryptic Soy Broth (TSB) (Difco Laboratories, Detroit, MI, USA) was used for serial dilutions of coffee extract and CHX and fluoride mouthrinses to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC).[10 ] Disk diffusion method[9 ] was used to determine the diameters of the zones of inhibition, and solid Blood Agar culture medium (Blood Agar, HIMEDIA Company, Hyderabad, Telangana India) was used to determine the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC).[10 ]
This experimental design, in vitro laboratory setting study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran (Project No. 394122). It was performed in the School of Pharmacy and Dental Research Center of Dentistry Faculty. Pure cultures of S. mutans (PTCC 1683) and L. plantarum (ATCC 1491T, America) were achieved from the department of microbiology.
Bacteria were kept at −20°C in TSB (Difco Laboratories, Detroit, MI, USA) with 20% glycerol and activated by transfer into Blood Agar (Blood Agar, HIMEDIA Company, Hyderabad, Telangana India). Incubation were performed at 37°C for 48 h, with 5% CO₂ for cariogenic bacteria, and anaerobic condition for L. plantrum.

Akhlaghi N., Sadeghi M., Fazeli F., Akhlaghi S., Mehnati M, & Sadeghi M. (2019). The antibacterial effects of coffee extract, chlorhexidine, and fluoride against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus plantarum: An in vitro study. Dental Research Journal, 16(5), 346-353.

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Aseptic Blood Culture Protocol

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About 1-2 ml of blood was drawn aseptically before starting antimicrobial therapy and directly inoculated into Brain Heart Infusion broth (BHI) (HiMedia, India) in a ratio of blood:BHI of 1:5. The blood culture bottles were immediately sent to the microbiology laboratory and incubated at 37°C for 24 hrs and subcultured on MacConkey agar, blood agar, and chocolate agar (HiMedia, India) daily for 7 days. The inoculated MacConkey agar plates were incubated aerobically, whereas blood agar and chocolate agar plates were incubated in CO₂ enriched humid atmosphere using candle jar, at 37°C for 24-48 hours. Blood culture bottles showing no growth on subculture done after incubation of 7 days were reported as negative. All the collected blood samples were processed for culture and isolation by standard microbiological methods [9 ].

Thapa S, & Sapkota L.B. (2019). Changing Trend of Neonatal Septicemia and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Isolates in Nepal. International Journal of Pediatrics, 2019, 3784529.

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Comprehensive Fungal and Bacterial Corneal Infection Diagnosis

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For each patient, a portion of the corneal scrape material obtained had been used for direct microscopy (Potassium hydroxide mount/KOH mount, Gram staining or calcofluor white staining). Another portion was inoculated directly onto the following media that support the growth of bacteria and fungi: Blood agar, Chocolate agar, Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) (HiMedia, Mumbai). Inoculated media were incubated at temperatures of 37°C and 25°C and were examined daily for 7 days. SDA was examined twice a week for the next three weeks.
The cultures were considered positive if the growth of the same organism was demonstrated in more than one solid media, or growth on one medium was consistent with direct microscopy findings, or confluent growth was obtained on inoculated single solid medium, or direct microscopy was suggestive of non-cultivable microorganism like Microsporidia. The bacteria isolated had been identified by standard biochemical test methods and MALDITOF-MS (Bruker Biotyper Microflex, MA, USA). Antibiotic susceptibility was put for bacterial isolates by Kirby Bauer's disc diffusion method. Fungi isolated had been identified by its cultural characteristics on media and sporulation patterns on lactophenol cotton blue mount and slide culture.

Rohilla R., Meena S., Mohanty A., Gupta N., Kaistha N., Gupta P., Mangla A, & Singh A. (2020). Etiological spectrum of infectious keratitis in the era of MALDI-TOF-MS at a tertiary care hospital. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 9(9), 4576-4581.

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Midstream Urine Sampling for Bacterial Isolation

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Midstream urine samples were collected from outpatients attending AlKarama hospital and Al-Kut hospital for Gynecology and Obstetrics and Pediatrics in Al-Kut/Wasit Province/Iraq, during the period from July, 2018 to January, 2019. The urine samples were collected into sterile screw capped test tubes and streaked immediately on MacConkey agar (HIMEDIA, India) and Blood agar (HIMEDIA, India) plates for bacterial isolation [24 ].

Gatya Al-Mayahie S.M., Al-Guranie D.R., Hussein A.A, & Bachai Z.A. (2022). Prevalence of common carbapenemase genes and multidrug resistance among uropathogenic Escherichia coli phylogroup B2 isolates from outpatients in Wasit Province/ Iraq. PLoS ONE, 17(1), e0262984.

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Bacterial Isolation and Identification

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Bacterial isolates were collected from hospitals and subcultured onto blood agar and mannitol salt agar (Himedia Laboratories, Mumbai, India), then incubated aerobically for 24 hours at 37°C. Colonies were examined the next day. Identification of bacteria was made according to colony morphology, Gram stain and biochemical tests [15 ].

Elboshra M.M., Hamedelnil Y.F., Moglad E.H, & Altayb H.N. (2020). Prevalence and characterization of virulence genes among methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from Sudanese patients in Khartoum state. New Microbes and New Infections, 38, 100784.

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Hand Hygiene Assessment of Healthcare Workers

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HCWs working at various wards and departments and basic science faculties of Gandaki Medical College and Teaching Hospital were enrolled in this study who were apparently healthy and not taking any antibiotics two weeks prior to this study. The health care worker's hand swab samples were collected by means of sterile cotton swabs moistened in sterile saline water (0.85%). The sterilized cotton buds were rotated onto the overall surface area of palms of both hands and in between of the fingers too. The cotton bud swabs after swabbing the hands were kept in the sterile small tube containing Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) broth separately, labeled and was immediately transported to the microbiology laboratory of Gandaki Medical College and Teaching Hospital (GMC) for further processing.
All the swabs were cultured directly on MacConkey agar, Blood agar and Nutrient agar (Himedia). All cultured plates were incubated aerobically at 37°C for 24 hours. Bacterial isolates were identified using standard microbiological techniques. 14 Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the isolates was performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique and the interpretation was done according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines (2017). 15

Sharma B.K. (2020). Prevalence of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase Producing and Carbapenems Resistance Isolates from Hands of Health Care Workers in a Health Care Setting of Nepal. Journal of Gandaki Medical College-Nepal, 13(1), 23-31.

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Sputum Collection and Microbiological Analysis

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In total, 2 ml sputum specimens were collected using clean, dry, sterile,
wide-necked and leak-proof containers from each study participant. Sputum
samples were transported immediately to Wollo University Microbiology Laboratory
for analysis. Sputum samples were stored at 4 °C if a specimen processing delay
existed.^{28 (link)} Blood samples were also collected for viral load,
CD4⁺ cell and white blood cell count during data collection.
Gene Xpert test was performed for mycobacterium analyses.^{29 (link)} Gram
staining with more than 25 polymorphic nuclear leukocytes and <10 epithelial
cells were considered as good and cultivated. However, specimens with more than
10 epithelial cells and less than 25 polymorphic nuclear leukocytes per high
power field (100X) were not good and discarded.^{28 (link)}A sterilized loop of specimens were streaked onto Blood agar (HiMedia™),
Chocolate agar and MacConkey agar (HiMedia™). The Chocolate agar was incubated
in a candle jar at 37 °C for 24–48 h. Whereas, Blood agar and MacConkey agar was
aerobically incubated for 24 h at 37 °C.^{30 (link),31} Positive growth on Blood
agar and MacConkey agar (HiMedia™) was subculture onto Nutrient agar (HiMedia™)
for biochemical and antimicrobial susceptibility test.

Tilahun M., Gebretsadik D., Seid A., Gedefie A., Belete M.A., Tesfaye M., Kebede E, & Shibabaw A. (2023). Bacteriology of community-acquired pneumonia, antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and associated risk factors among HIV patients, Northeast Ethiopia: cross-sectional study. SAGE Open Medicine, 11, 20503121221145569.

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Bacterial Identification Protocols from Clinical and Environmental Samples

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In the laboratory, samples from clinical and environmental sources were cultured first on selective agar, MacConkey agar; then, suspected colonies were subcultured on blood agar (HiMedia, Maharashtra, India) and Mueller–Hinton agar (Oxide Ltd., Basingstoke, UK) to observe hemolysis and pigmentation. All the inoculated plates were incubated at 37 °C for 18–24 h, and growth was evaluated on these media. Isolates were identified based on standard bacteriological methods such as morphology, colonial characteristics, hemolysis, and pigment production on these media [44 (link)]. Further identification was performed by their gram stain reaction, motility by hanging drop, odor in cultures, and biochemical tests such as catalase test, oxidase test using oxidase strips (Oxide Ltd., Basingstoke, UK), citrate utilization, starch hydrolysis, casein hydrolysis, indole production, urea hydrolysis, and production of acid from glucose (O/F test) and growth at 42 °C [45 ,46 ].

Aqel H., Sannan N., Foudah R, & Al-Hunaiti A. (2023). Enzyme Production and Inhibitory Potential of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Contrasting Clinical and Environmental Isolates. Antibiotics, 12(9), 1354.

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Microbial Analysis of Wound Samples

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Wounds were cleaned with sterile normal saline and wound swabs and discharge were obtained from all study participants aseptically using a sterile moistened cotton swab. Swabs were then immersed in a container of Amies transport medium with charcoal (Bio mark Laboratories, Pune, India). All samples were transported on ice to the Ethiopian Public Health Institute, National Referral Bacteriology and Mycology Laboratory (Ethiopian National Accreditation Office accredited and ranked as Five Star by the American Society for Microbiology) where all laboratory tests were conducted. Swabs were used to inoculate MacConkey agar (Becton Dickinson and Company, Cockeysville, MD, USA), blood agar and mannitol salt agar (both from HiMedia Laboratories, Mumbai, India) and incubated aerobically at 37 °C, and 5% CO2 for 24 h. After 24 h, plates without growth were incubated further for up to 48 h.
Growth of micro-organisms was identified by examining colony morphology followed by biochemical identification using the automated VITEK® 2 COMPACT Microbial Detection System (bioMerieux, Marcy l’Etoile, France).

Nigussie D., Davey G., Legesse B.A., Fekadu A, & Makonnen E. (2021). Antibacterial activity of methanol extracts of the leaves of three medicinal plants against selected bacteria isolated from wounds of lymphoedema patients. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies, 21, 2.

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Biochemical and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing

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For biochemical and antimicrobial susceptibility test, positive growth on Blood agar and MacConkey agar (HiMedia™) were subcultured onto Nutrient agar (HiMedia™). The bacterial isolates were characterized using colony morphology, haemolysis pattern, Gram staining reaction; and through a panel of biochemical tests following the standard microbiological procedure. Gram-positive cocci were distinguished and recognized based on Gram stain, Blood agar haemolysis patterns, colonial characteristics, catalase test, coagulase test, mannitol fermentation test and optochin (5 μg) susceptibility [33 ]. Gram-negative bacteria were identified based on Gram reaction, colony morphology (visual culture characteristics of a bacterial colony on an agar plate) and pigmentation, oxidase test, on triple sugar iron agar (TSI) fermentation of (glucose and lactose and H₂S production), motility, formation of indole, and citrate utilization, lysine decarboxylase or methyl red vogues proskur utilization, urea hydrolysis and satellitism tests [36 ].

Belayhun C., Tilahun M., Seid A., Shibabaw A., Sharew B., Belete M.A, & Demsiss W. (2023). Asymptomatic nasopharyngeal bacterial carriage, multi-drug resistance pattern and associated factors among primary school children at Debre Berhan town, North Shewa, Ethiopia. Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials, 22, 9.

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