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25 protocols using anti g6pdh

1

Quantitative Western Blot Analysis

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Protein extracts from at least three separate experiments were prepared using the NaOH cell lysis method (Dilova et al., 2004 (link)), loaded onto SDS–PAGE gels, and transferred to nitrocellulose membrane. Membranes were probed with anti–phospho-p44/42 MAPK (1:1000; Cell Signaling Technology), anti-Mpk1 (1:1000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), and anti-G6PDH (1:100,000; Sigma-Aldrich) primary antibodies and visualized using the appropriate secondary antibodies conjugated to IRDye (1:5000; LI-COR Biosciences) on the Odyssey Infrared Imaging System (LI-COR Biosciences). Images were quantified using ImageQuant software (GE Healthcare).
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2

Quantitative Immunoblotting of Cellular Markers

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Membranes were decorated using anti‐mCherry‐1C51 (Abcam), anti‐HA.11‐16B12 (BioLegend), anti‐G6PDH (Sigma‐Aldrich), anti‐Tubulin (clone B5‐1‐2, Sigma‐Aldrich), anti‐WIPI1 (W2394 Sigma‐Aldrich), anti‐Tubulin (T9026 Sigma‐Aldrich) anti‐Vps35 (ab10099 Abcam, ab157220 Abcam) and anti‐Vps26 (ab181352 Abcam). After incubation with the primary antibody, signals were detected by secondary antibodies coupled to infrared dyes (LICOR), IRDye® 800CW goat anti‐mouse IgG, IRDye® 800CW goat anti‐rabbit IgG, IRDye® 680LT goat anti‐rabbit IgG, IRDye 800CW goat anti‐rat IgG, IRDye® 680RD donkey anti‐rabbit IgG, and detected on a LICOR Odyssey Infrared Imager. Band intensity was quantified using Odyssey software with background removal activated.
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3

Immunoblotting of Yeast Protein Extracts

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Yeast cells were harvested from early- to mid-log phase cultures (OD600 0.5~1.0). Protein extracts were prepared by using the trichloroacetic acid method as described earlier (Wu et al., 2011 (link)). Proteins were resolved by 8%–12% SDS-PAGE, transferred to nitrocellulose membranes, and probed with primary and secondary antibodies. Blots were developed with an enhanced chemiluminescence substrate (Perkin-Elmer). Primary antibodies were used at the following dilutions: monoclonal anti-HA 12CA5 (Roche) at 1:10,000, monoclonal anti-Myc 9E10 (Roche) at 1:2,000, monoclonal anti-Nop1 (EnCor Biotechnology) at 1:2,500 and anti-G6PDH (Sigma) at 1:200,000.
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4

Antibody Validation for Histone Modifications

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Antibodies of anti-H3 (Cat# 96C10) were purchased from Cell Signalling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA), anti-H3K56ac (Cat# 76307) was purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, UK), anti-c-Myc (Cat# ITG0001) was purchased from Immunotag (St. Louis, MO, USA), and anti-G6PDH (Cat# A9521) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Burlington, MA, USA).
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5

Immunoprecipitation and SDS-PAGE Analysis

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Lysates and eluates from Immunoprecipitations were run on 10% acrylamide gels for SDS–PAGE, freshly prepared and used the same day: 10% Protogel (30% w/v acrylamide, 0.8% bis‐acrylamide (37.5:1 solution, National diagnostics, Atlanta, USA), 380 mM Tris–HCl pH 8.8, 0.1% w/v SDS (Applichem, Darmstadt, Germany), 0.06% v/v TEMED (Applichem), 0.06% w/v APS (Applichem) for the running gel and 5% Protogel, 165 mM Tris–HCl pH 6.8, 0.1% w/v SDS, 0.08% v/v TEMED, 0.04% w/v APS for the stacking gel. Running buffer for SDS–PAGE was 190 mM glycine (Applichem), 25 mM Tris‐base (Applichem), 0.5% SDS. To facilitate Atg18 migration and avoid formation of aggregates, samples were reduced and denatured at 90°C using NuPAGE buffer (Thermo Fisher) containing LDS instead of SDS and supplemented with 100 mM DTT. Gels were blotted on 0.45 µm nitrocellulose membrane (Amersham) overnight at a constant current of 200 mA using a Trans‐Blot® Cell (Bio‐Rad, USA). Membranes were decorated using anti‐mCherry‐1C51 (Abcam), anti‐HA.11‐16B12 (BioLegend), anti‐G6PDH (Sigma‐Aldrich), anti‐Tubulin (clone B5‐1‐2, Sigma‐Aldrich), and anti‐WIPI1 (C‐terminal epitope, Sigma‐Aldrich).
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6

Yeast Protein Extraction and Immunoblotting

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Yeast strains of the indicated genotypes (and their wild-type counterparts) were grown in YPD either at permissive or restrictive temperatures. Overnight-saturated cultures were diluted to an OD600 of 0.2 and allowed to grow until they reached an OD600 of 1. Five OD600 equivalents of cells were lysed using a modified TCA extraction method as described (Keogh et al., 2006a (link), 2006b (link)). 10–20 mg of the lysates were separated by SDS-PAGE and variously probed with the following antibodies: anti-FLAG-M2 [for FLAG tagged Spt6] (Sigma-Aldrich, F1804; 1:5000), anti-G6PDH (Sigma-Aldrich, A9521; 1:100,000), anti-histone H3K4me3 (EpiCypher, 13–0004; 1:5000), anti-histone H3K79me3 (Abcam, ab2651, 1:2500) anti-histone H3K36me3 (Abcam, ab9050, ab9050; 1:1000), anti-histone H3 (EpiCypher, 13–0001; 1:50,000), anti-Spt16 (gift from Tim Formosa University of Utah, 1:5000), anti-H3K36me2 (Active Motif, 39255; 1:1000), anti-Set2 (Generated in the Strahl lab, 1:5000), anti-RNAPII-Ser2P (Active Motif, Clone #3E10, 61084; 1:100), anti-H2BK123ub1 (Cell Signaling Technology, 5546; 1:2000), and anti-H2B (Active Motif, 39237; 1:2000). HRP-conjugated anti-rabbit (GE Healthcare, NA934V; 1:10,000) and anti-mouse secondary (GE Healthcare, NA931V; 1:10,000), antibodies were used at 1:1000 and proteins were detected using ECL Prime or enhanced chemiluminescence ECL (Amersham Biosciences).
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7

Analyzing Hsp90 Activity in Cagpi19 Mutant

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To compare the activity of Hsp90 in the Cagpi19 null compared to the WT, the cells were assessed for levels of phosphorylated Hog1 as described previously25 (link),26 (link). For immunoblotting, 100 ml culture of the required strain grown in appropriate SD- minimal medium was harvested, washed with sterile water and lysed followed by centrifugation at 2500 g for 10 minutes at 4 °C. The crude lysate obtained was clarified by centrifugation at 16000 g for 30 minutes at 4 °C twice and equal amount of proteins were resolved on a 12% resolving SDS-PAGE. Transfer was set up at 50 V overnight followed by blocking using 4% skimmed milk for 1.5 hours. The blot was then probed with primary antibody (1:500 dilution for Phospho p38 MAPK(Thr180/Tyr182 (9211 S NEB) and 1:2500 dilution for anti-G-6-PDH (A9521 Sigma Aldrich) in TBS + 0.05% Tween-20 at 4 °C overnight followed by washing with TBST (TBS + 0.05% Tween-20). Secondary (goat anti-rabbit) antibody was added at a dilution of 1:5000 in TBS + 0.05% Tween-20 for 2 hours. The blot was developed using ECL kit (G-biosciences).
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8

Quantitative Analysis of MAPK Activation Dynamics

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Briefly, cells either untreated or treated with α factor for different durations (2, 5, 15, 30, 60 and 90 min) were harvested in TCA (5% final concentration), washed with 10 mM NaN3, collected by centrifugation and the resulting pellets frozen at -80°C. For MAPK inactivation measurements, cells were treated with 3 μM α factor for 30 min, harvested by centrifugation, washed once, resuspended in pheromone-free medium and harvested at the times indicated. Cell extracts were prepared by glass bead lysis in TCA as described before (Hao et al., 2007 (link)). Protein concentration was determined by Dc protein assay (Bio-Rad). Proteins were resolved by 10% SDS-PAGE, transferred to nitrocellulose and detected by immunoblotting with p44/42 MAPK antibodies at 1:500 (9101L, Cell Signalling Technology), Fus3 antibodies at 1:500 (sc-6773, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, inc.) and anti-G6PDH at 1:50,000 (A9521, Sigma-Aldrich). Immunoreactive species were detected by chemiluminescence detection (Thermo Scientific Pierce ECL Plus) of horseradish peroxidase-conjugated antibodies (anti-rabbit, 170-5046 or anti-goat,sc-2768, Santa Cruz) at 1:10,000. Blots were scanned using Typhoon Trio+ (GE healthcare) and band intensity was quantified using Fiji (National Institute of Health).
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9

Immunoblotting with Protein-Specific Antibodies

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For immunoblotting, mouse monoclonal anti-FLAG (clone 1E6; Wako), mouse monoclonal anti-HA (12CA5; Roche), rabbit polyclonal anti-Vps26 (Reddy and Seaman, 2001 (link)), rabbit polyclonal anti-Vps29 (Seaman et al., 1998 (link)), rabbit polyclonal anti-Vps35 (Seaman et al., 1998 (link)), rabbit polyclonal anti-G6PDH (Sigma-Aldrich), rabbit polyclonal anti-CPY (Klionsky et al., 1988 (link)), and mouse monoclonal anti-Pgk1 (459250; Invitrogen) were used at dilution factors of 1:500, 1:1,000, 1:2,000, 1:5,000, 1:5,000, 1:20,000, 1:5,000, and 1:10,000 respectively.
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10

Chromatin-Bound Scc2 Quantification

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To estimate the level of chromatin-bound Scc2-9Pk the chromatin fraction was extracted as previously described in details (28 (link)). To validate the fractionation every sample was analyzed by Western blot to detect cytoplasmatic (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase antibody, anti-G6PDH, Sigma-Aldrich, A9521-1VL) and chromatin-bound (histone H2A, anti-H2A, 07-146 Millipore) proteins as markers. For quantification, the level of Scc2-9Pk bound to chromatin was normalized to histone H2A used as an internal loading control. Band quantification was performed using Image Lab software (Bio-Rad).
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