The total phenolic acid content (TPC) of the grape juice samples was determined according to the method suggested by Pankaj and Wan (2017) in a previous study [35 (link)]. Briefly, 0.5 mL of standard solution or sample was mixed with 1 mL of Folin–Ciocalteu reagent. After 6 min of incubation at room temperature, 2 mL of sodium carbonate solution (20%) was added. The mixture was placed for 60 min at 30 °C. Finally, the absorbance of the samples was recorded at 760 nm against the blank using a spectrophotometer (Shimadzu UV–Vis Mini 1240, Tokyo, Japan). The TPC was determined by a suitable calibration curve (6.25–100 μg/mL) and reported as μg of gallic acid equivalents/mL [35 (link)].
1240 mini uv vis
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The 1240 mini UV-Vis is a compact and portable ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer manufactured by Shimadzu. It is designed for basic absorbance measurements in laboratory settings.
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12 protocols using 1240 mini uv vis
1
Determination of Total Phenolic Acids in Grape Juice
2
Diclofenac Sodium Adsorption on Organ Clay
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In order to conduct adsorption tests, a known quantity of the organ clay was agitated in 25 mL of diclofenac sodium (DS) solution in a temperature-controlled shaker (Lab Companion, SI-600R) (Fig. 1a ). The samples were taken at scheduled intervals, centrifuged for 10 min, and then filtered using 0.45 μm hydrophilic membrane filters.23 (link) We utilized a UV-Visible spectrophotometer to measure the concentration of the DS solution both before and after adsorption (UV-Vis mini 1240, Shimadzu, Brazil) at the wavelength of 276 nm (Fig. 1b ). The amount of adsorbed DS, qt (mmol g−1), and removal efficiency was obtained at a given time (t), as eqn (1) and (2) shows:
3
Optimizing Phenolic Compounds in Jamun Leaf Extracts
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The TPC and TTC in the hydroethanolic extracts were determined by a modified method of Folin-Ciocalteu (Amorim et al. 2008) . Initially, 10mL of the extractive solution was diluted 10 times in a volumetric flask. An aliquot of 0.33mL of the diluted extractive solution was homogenized with 0.7mL of the Folin-Ciocalteu solution (10% v/v) and 1 mL. of sodium carbonate (7.5% v/v) in a 10mL volumetric flask that was completed with deionized water. Solutions were incubated at 27°C for 30 min absorbances were measured at 706 nm (UV/Vis-mini-1240, Shimadzu ® ). Absorbances were compared to an analytical curve of tannic acid and TPC was determined.
For TTC, 1g casein was complexed with 6mL of the diluted extract solution and another 12mL of water in an Erlenmeyer flask during 30 minutes under constant stirring. The complex was filtered and 0.3 mL of the supernatant was homogenized with 0.7 mL of the Folin-Ciocalteu Table I. Independent factors and levels employed in the Box-Behnken experimental design for optimizing TPC and TTC (mg TAE g -1 ext) in the liquid extract from S. cumini leaves through microwave-assisted extraction.
For TTC, 1g casein was complexed with 6mL of the diluted extract solution and another 12mL of water in an Erlenmeyer flask during 30 minutes under constant stirring. The complex was filtered and 0.3 mL of the supernatant was homogenized with 0.7 mL of the Folin-Ciocalteu Table I. Independent factors and levels employed in the Box-Behnken experimental design for optimizing TPC and TTC (mg TAE g -1 ext) in the liquid extract from S. cumini leaves through microwave-assisted extraction.
4
Quantifying Alginate Hydrogel Degradation
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In vitro degradation was determined on 5 ml alginate-hydrogel, laid gently on the bottom of a beaker. After adding 4 ml double-distilled water over its layer, the beaker was placed in an incubator at 37 C; 3 ml of the supernatant liquid was sampled at 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 h, and daily thereafter for a total of 8 days. The spectra were recorded with a UV-visible photometer (UV-Vis mini 1240, Spectrophotometer, Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan), and the absorption bands between 240 and 300 nm, characteristic of the alginate components (Nagasawa et al., 2000) , were recorded. The concentration of alginate in the samples was calculated after fitting a calibration-curve from maximal absorption values.
5
Total Phenolic Content in Raisin Extract
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The TPC was specified by use of the Folin-Ciocalteu method with micro scale protocol (Waterhouse, 2002) (link). Briefly, 40 µl of raisin extract or gallic acid standards (50-500 mg l -1 ), 200 µl of Folin-Ciocalteau reagent and 3.16 ml of water were pipetted into a 4 ml spectrophotometer cuvette. After 3-4 min, 600 µl solution of Na2CO3 (20%) were added. The content was held at room temperature for 2 h, with using a spectrophotometer, at 765nm against a blank, the absorbance of the sample was determined (Shimadzu UV-Vis Mini 1240, Tokyo, Japan). TPC was specified as mg gallic acid equivalent per gram of dried sample (mg GAE g -1 dw).
6
Aronia/Pollen Antioxidant Capacity Evaluation
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The antioxidant capacity of the Aronia/pollen extract was evaluated based on the reduction of Fe3+ from tripyridyltriazine Fe(TPTZ)3+ complex to the blue-colored complex-Fe(TPTZ)2+ in an acidic medium [77 (link)]. The working FRAP solution was freshly prepared by mixing acetate buffer, FeCl3•6H2O solution and TPTZ solution at the ratio 10:1:1 (v/v/v). The Aronia/pollen extract (100 µL) was allowed to react with 500 µL FRAP working solution and 2 mL distilled water for 1 h in the dark. The final product (ferrous tripyridyltriazine complex) was quantified via VIS absorption (Shimadzu 1240 mini UV-Vis) at 595 nm. The results are expressed in μmol TE/g dw.
7
Determination of Total Phenolic Content
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Total phenolic content was determined using the Folin–Ciocalteu method [32 ]. In short, each peppermint extract (100 μL) was mixed with 1700 μL of distilled water, 200 μL of Folin–Ciocalteu reagent (freshly prepared, dilution 1:10, v/v), and 1000 μL of 7.5% Na2CO3 solution, and the mixture was kept at room temperature, in the dark, for 2 h. The absorbance was measured at 765 nm using a spectrophotometer (Shimadzu 1240 mini UV–Vis, Kyoto, Japan). Different concentrations of gallic acid (between 0.1–0.5 mg/mL) were used as a standard for the reference curve (y = 27.637x + 0.0069, R2 = 0.999) and the results were expressed in mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100 g dw.
8
Quantifying Total Phenolic Content
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The Folin–Ciocalteu method was used to determine the total phenolic content (Singleton et al., 1999) [73 ]. The extract (100 μL) was incubated with 1700 μL of distilled water, 200 μL of Folin–Ciocalteu reagent (freshly prepared) and 1000 μL of 7.5% Na2CO3 solution for 2 h at room temperature in the dark. Absorbance was measured at 765 nm using a spectrophotometer (Shimadzu 1240 mini UV-Vis, Duisburg, Germany). Different concentrations of gallic acid (0.1–0.5 mg/mL) were used as the standard for reference curve, and the results are expressed in mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g dw [74 (link)].
9
Evaluating Antioxidant Capacity of Peppermint Extract
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The antioxidant capacity of peppermint extract was evaluated based on the reduction of Fe3+ from the tripyridyltriazine Fe(TPTZ)3+ complex, to the blue coloured complex-Fe(TPTZ)2+ in an acidic medium [34 (link)]. The stock solutions consist of 300 mM acetate buffer, pH 3.6, 20 mM FeCl3 6 H2O, and 10 mM TPTZ (2,4,6-tri-(2-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine) in 40 mM HCl. The working FRAP solution was freshly prepared by mixing acetate buffer, FeCl3 6 H2O solution, and TPTZ solution in the ratio 10:1:1 (v/v/v). Peppermint extract (100 μL) was allowed to react with 500 μL FRAP working solution and 2 mL distilled water, for 1 h, in the dark [35 (link)]. The final product (ferrous tripyridyltriazine complex) was quantified by VIS absorption (Shimadzu 1240 mini UV–Vis) at 595 nm. The results were expressed in mmolTrolox equivalents (TE)/100 g dw [36 (link)].
10
Quantifying Total Phenolic Content
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The Folin–Ciocalteu method was used to determine the total phenolic content (Singleton et al., 1999) [73 ]. The extract (100 μL) was incubated with 1700 μL of distilled water, 200 μL of Folin–Ciocalteu reagent (freshly prepared) and 1000 μL of 7.5% Na2CO3 solution for 2 h at room temperature in the dark. Absorbance was measured at 765 nm using a spectrophotometer (Shimadzu 1240 mini UV-Vis, Duisburg, Germany). Different concentrations of gallic acid (0.1–0.5 mg/mL) were used as the standard for reference curve, and the results are expressed in mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g dw [74 (link)].
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