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Phospho akt1

Manufactured by Cell Signaling Technology
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Phospho-Akt1 is a laboratory reagent used for the detection and quantification of phosphorylated Akt1 protein. Akt1 is a serine/threonine-specific protein kinase that plays a key role in cellular processes such as glucose metabolism, apoptosis, cell proliferation, transcription, and cell migration. The Phospho-Akt1 reagent allows researchers to measure the activation state of Akt1 in biological samples.

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13 protocols using phospho akt1

1

Multimodal Mitochondrial Function Analysis

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Primary antibodies used: Akt1 (2938), Akt2 (5239), Akt1/2 (9272), GSK-3α/β (5676), LC3 (4108S), Lamin A/C (2032), NFR1 (12381), PGC-1α (2178), phospho-p38 MAPK (9215), phospho-Akt1 (9018), phospho-Akt2 (8599), phospho-DRP1 (Ser616) (4494), phospho-GSK-3α/β (9331), Parkin (2132S), Tfam (7495S), VDAC (4866) (Cell Signaling); β-actin (A5441) (Sigma); PINK1 (ab23707), Mfn-2 (ab124773) (Abcam); Drp1 (611113) (BD Biosciences); phospho-PGC-1α (S571) (AF6650) (R&D Systems); p38 (sc-7972) and Tom20 (sc-11415) (Santa Cruz); SPC (AB3786) (Millipore).
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2

Mitochondrial Dynamics and Signaling Pathways

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Primary antibodies used: Akt1 (2938), Akt2 (5239), Akt1/2 (9272), GSK‐3α/β (5676), LC3 (4108S), Lamin A/C (2032), NFR1 (12381), PGC‐1α (2178), phospho‐p38 MAPK (9215), phospho‐Akt1 (9018), phospho‐Akt2 (8599), phospho‐DRP1 (Ser616) (4494), phospho‐GSK‐3α/β (9331), Parkin (2132S), Tfam (7495S), VDAC (4866) (Cell Signaling); β‐actin (A5441) (Sigma); PINK1 (ab23707), Mfn‐2 (ab124773) (Abcam); Drp1 (611113) (BD Biosciences); phospho‐PGC‐1α (S571) (AF6650) (R&D Systems); p38 (sc‐7972) and Tom20 (sc‐11415) (Santa Cruz); SPC (AB3786) (Millipore).
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3

Western Blot Analysis of Signaling Proteins

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Cells were lysed in 1× Laemmli buffer supplemented with phosphatase inhibitors (Sigma-Aldrich) and 1× complete protease inhibitor cocktail (Roche; Indianapolis, IN), size fractionated on 12% acrylamide gels and subsequently electro-transferred onto Hybond enhanced chemiluminescent membranes (GE Healthcare; Waukesha, WI). Membranes were blocked in 5% milk in tris-buffered saline containing 1% tween 20 and probed with antibodies against phospho-jun proto-oncogene (pJUN; pc-Jun) (9164; Cell Signaling Technology; Danvers, MA), nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor, alpha (NFKBIA; IκBα) (sc-371; Santa Cruz Biotechnology; Dallas, TX), phospho-NFKBIA (9246; Cell Signaling Technology), phospho-AKT1 (9271S; Cell Signaling Technology), AKT (9272S; Cell Signaling Technology) and GAPDH (4699–9555(ST); AbD Serotec; Raleigh, NC). After washing, membranes were incubated with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated anti-rabbit (111–035–003; Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories Inc; West Grove, PA) or anti-mouse immunoglobulin (115–035–003; Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories Inc). Detection was by enhanced chemiluminescence (Pierce ECL Western Blotting Substrate; Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.; Rockford, IL) and visualization by autoradiography.
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4

Analyzing Vascular Signaling Proteins

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The venous limb of the AVF was harvested and treated with RIPA lysis buffer containing protease and phosphatase inhibitors (Roche). Equal amounts of protein were loaded and run in SDS-PAGE followed by Western blot analysis. Protein expression was probed with the following antibodies: Cav-1 (BD Biosciences, 610406), phospho-eNOS (Cell Signaling Technology, 9571), eNOS (Santa Cruz, sc-654), phospho-Akt1 (Cell Signaling Technology, 9018), Akt1 (Cell Signaling Technology, 2967), or GAPDH (Cell Signaling Technology, 2118). Membrane signals were detected using ECL detection reagent (GE Healthcare, Denville scientific).
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5

Osteoclastogenesis Regulation by ISO

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ISO was purchased from MedChem Express (Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA), dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO; Beyotime) at the stock concentration of 20 mM, and diluted with culture medium to form working concentrations prior to use. Recombinant human RANKL was obtained from PeproTech EC, Ltd. Minimum Essential Medium Alpha (α-MEM), Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were purchased from Gibco. The CCK8 assay kit and tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) assay kit were obtained from Beyotime. The TRAP staining kit was provided by Sigma‐Aldrich. The primary antibodies of NFATc1 and c-Fos were acquired from ABclonal. The primary antibodies for β-Actin, P38, phospho-P38, extracellular signal-egulated kinase (ERK), phospho-ERK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), phospho-JNK, Nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase‐1 (HO-1), catalase (CAT), and γ‐glutamyl cysteine synthetase catalytic subunit (GCLC) were acquired from Beyotime. The primary antibodies for phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), phospho-PI3K, Protein Kinase B α (AKT1), and phospho-AKT1 were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology.
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6

Western Blot Analysis of AKT Signaling

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Protein lysates from human or mouse heart samples were prepared in RIPA buffer supplemented with a cocktail of protease and phosphatase inhibitors (Cell Signaling). Equal amounts of total proteins were loaded and separated in SDS-polyacrylamide gel. After electrophoresis, the proteins were electrotransferred onto nitrocellulose membranes (0.2 μm, GE Healthcare) and incubated for 1 h with 5% bovine serum albumin followed by overnight incubation at 4 °C with primary antibody. Finally, the membranes were incubated for 1 h with secondary antibodies conjugated to horseradish peroxidase. Immunoblots were visualized with the Western Blotting Chemiluminescence Luminol (Pierce, Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.) using the ChemiDoc™ XRS System (Bio-Rad). The primary antibodies used in the study were: phospho-AKT1 (1:600; Cell Signaling, cat. 9018); total AKT1 (1:1000; Cell Signaling, cat. 2938); phospho AKT2 (1:600, Cell Signaling, cat. 8599); total AKT2 (1:1000; Cell Signaling, cat. 3063); and GAPDH (1: 5000; Sigma-Aldrich, cat. G9545). Full scans of the original uncropped western blots are shown in Supplementary Figs. 9 and 10.
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7

Immunostaining and Image Analysis of Mouse Aortas

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We performed immunofluorescence staining on 5-μm sections, using antibodies to Ki67 (Abcam #ab16667), smooth muscle α-actin (SMA; Sigma-Aldrich, #A5228, St. Louis, MO, USA), CD45 (BioLegend #103101, San Diego, CA, USA), phospho-Stat3 (Cell Signaling Technology #9145, Danvers, MA, USA), phospho-Akt1 (Cell Signaling Technology #4060), phospho-Akt2 (Abcam #ab38513, Cambridge, UK), B220 (BD #553086, Becton Dickinson, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA), CD3 (Abcam #ab11089), Iba-1 (Millipore #MABN92, Burlington, MA, USA), and Ly-6G (Abcam #ab25377). Nuclei were visualized using DAPI staining. Imaging cytometric analysis of mouse aortas was performed using ArrayScan XTI (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) and FlowJo 10 software (Becton Dickinson). Two aortic tissue sections were obtained from each mouse in four experimental groups, namely DMSO, BA + DMSO, rapamycin, and BA+rapamycin, where each experimental group included three mice.
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8

Protein Extraction and Western Blot Analysis

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Cells have been lysed using M-PER reagent (Thermo Scientific); protein concentration was measured by a BCA protein assay (Thermo Scientific). Cellular lysates have been denatured in reducing SDS-loading buffer, separated by SDS-PAGE (Bio-Rad) and transferred to nitrocellulose membrane by wet blotting. vGPCR protein levels were assessed using an anti-myc antibody (Biolegend, #626802). Additionally used antibodies: leptin receptor (US Biological, #L1671-03R), phosho-Jak2 (#3776), phospho-Stat3 (#9145), phospho-Akt1 (#4060), phospho-Erk1/2 (#4377), all Cell Signaling Technology, β-actin (Abcam, #ab6276) and secondary HRP-conjugated antibodies from Jackson Immunoresearch. Western blots have been developed using ECL reagent (GE Healthcare).
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9

Apoptosis Signaling Pathway Profiling

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Primary antibodies used: Akt1 (2938), Bad (9239), Lamin A/C (2032), Bax (2772), phospho-Akt1 (9018), phospho-Bad (Ser136) (4366), VDAC (4866) (Cell Signaling); β-actin (A5441) (Sigma); p38 (sc-7972) (Santa Cruz); NOX4 (NB110-58849) (Novus), NOX4 (109225) (Abcam); Bak (A0404) (Abclonal).
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10

Molecular Mechanisms of Melanoma Regulation

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Melanoma cell lines G-361, SK-Mel-28, SK-Mel-30, RPMI-7951, and normal human primary epidermal melanocytes were all purchased from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) (Manasas, VA), and were authenticated according to the ATCC guidelines. I3C and MG-132 were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Two different PTEN siRNAs, two distinct NEDD4-1 siRNAs and the corresponding scrambled siRNAs, and the HiPerFect reagents were purchased from Qiagen (Valencia, CA). Antibodies to PTEN, NEDD4-1, ubiquitin, Bcl-2 and MDM-2 were obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA), the antibody to Hsp90 was purchased from BD Biosciences Franklin (Lakes, NJ) and antibodies to PARP, cleaved PARP, cleaved caspase 3, p53, phosphor-MDM2, Phospho-AKT-1, and AKT-1 were acquired from Cell Signaling Technology (Beverly MA). The secondary anti-mouse and anti-rabbit antibodies conjugated with HRP were obtained from Bio-Rad Laboratories (Hercules, CA). Secondary antibodies conjugated to fluorescent probes were purchased from Molecular Probes/Invitrogen (Eugene, OR). All primers used in RT-PCR reactions were synthesized by IDT technologies (San Diego, CA.)
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