PCB2, phenylephrine (Phe), acetylcholine (ACh), sodium nitroprusside (SNP), 1H-Oxadiazolo [ [3 (link),4 (link)],-a] quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ), indomethacin, compound C (CC), GW501516, mannitol, palmitate acid (PA), d -glucose, dihydroethidium (DHE), A23187 and tunicamycin (TM) were from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). NG-nitro-l -arginine methyl ester (l -NAME), 1400W and GSK0660 were from Tocris Bioscience (Bristol, UK). L-012 was from Wako Pure Chemical Industries (Osaka, Japan). Recombinant human PPARδ protein and anti-phosphorylated IRE1α (Ser724) antibody were obtained from Abcam (Cambridge, MA, USA). Antibodies against adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), phospho-AMPK (Thr172), activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), ATF6, GRP78, protein-disulfide isomerase (PDI), IRE1α and Griess reagent nitrite measurement kit were from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA). Antibodies against PERK and phospho-PERK (Thr981), 4-Amino-5-methylamino-2′,7′-difluorofluorescein diacetate (DAF-FM DA) were from ThermoFisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). Antibody against β-actin and horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated secondary antibodies were from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA).
Gw501516
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States
GW501516 is a synthetic chemical compound that acts as a selective agonist of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARδ). It is primarily used as a research tool in laboratory settings to study the biological effects and potential therapeutic applications of PPARδ activation.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Rosiglitazone, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Wy14643, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Dexamethasone (dex), by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Fenofibrate, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Gw9662, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Troglitazone, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Rosiglitazone rosi, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Mannitol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Grp78, by Cell Signaling Technology (1 mentions)
Griess reagent nitrite measurement kit, by Cell Signaling Technology (1 mentions)
Antibody against β actin, by Santa Cruz Biotechnology (1 mentions)
Horseradish peroxidase hrp conjugated secondary antibody, by Santa Cruz Biotechnology (1 mentions)
Compound c, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Gsk0660, by Bio-Techne (1 mentions)
Protein disulfide isomerase, by Cell Signaling Technology (1 mentions)
Ire1α, by Cell Signaling Technology (1 mentions)
Dihydroethidium dhe, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
L 012, by Fujifilm (1 mentions)
A23187, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Tunicamycin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
16 protocols using gw501516
1
Molecular Mechanisms of Metabolic Dysfunction
2
Autophagy Regulation in Metabolism
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GW501516, GW0742 and 3-MA were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (MO, USA). The antibodies used for western blot included anti-LC3A/B, anti-p62, anti-Atg7, and anti-Beclin1 (Cell Signaling Technology); anti-Atg5 (Novus Biologicals); anti-GAPDH (KangCheng Bio-tech); and anti-PPARδ (Santa Cruz Biotechnology). All the other chemicals were from Sigma-Aldrich Corporation unless specifically noted.
3
Cholangiocyte Isolation and Characterization
4
Caco-2 Fatty Acid Uptake Assay
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Caco-2 cells were maintained in high glucose DMEM supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, 100 U/mL penicillin and 100 U/mL streptomycin (all from Sigma-Aldrich) in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2 at 37 °C. Cells were cultured for 10 days after reaching confluence. Rosiglitazone, WY14634, GW501516, and GW9662 (all from Sigma) were added to the culture at final concentrations of 10 μM for 24 h. Control cells received the DMSO (Sigma) vehicle or no treatment. Afterwards, BODIPY-labeled fatty acids (QBT Fatty Acid Uptake Assay Kit, Molecular Devices, Wokingham, Berkshire, UK) were added to the culture and fluorescence measured over 2 h. The results are presented as area under the curve.
5
Comprehensive Lipid Signaling Pathway Protocols
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27HC was purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids. T0901317 (T1317) was purchased from Cayman Chemical. 1,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-methyl-5-[4-(2-piperidinylethoxy)phenol]-1H-pyrazole dihydrochloride (MPP), 4-[2-phenyl-5,7-bis(trifluoromethyl) pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-3-yl]phenol (PHTPP), G1, G15, and iressa were purchased from Tocris Bioscience. Cholestane-3β,5α,6β-triol and 5α-hydroxy-6-ketocholesterol were purchased from Steraloids. 17β-estradiol (E2), GW3965 (GW), 4β-hydroxycholesterol, 7-ketocholesterol, 22(R)-hydroxycholesterol, 24(S)-hydroxycholesterol, 25-hydroxycholesterol, cholesterol 5α,6α-epoxide, cholesterol 5β,6β-epoxide, cholesterol, progesterone, 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), dexamethasone, cortisone, Wy-14643, GW501516, troglitazone, EGF, insulin-like growth factor (IGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), PD0325901, U0126, SB203580, LY294002, and clotrimazole were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
6
Ligand Screening for Nuclear Receptors
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Compound 1 (CITCO, (6-(4-chlorophenyl)imidazo [2,1-b][1,3]thiazole-5-carbaldehyde-O-(3,4-dichloro-benzyl)oxime)),
rifampicin (rif), TCPOBOP, and PK11195 were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich
(St. Louis, Missouri, United States, now Merck), which is now known
as Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Phenobarbital (Luminal 200 mg/mL injection)
was manufactured by Desitin Pharma spol. s.r.o. (Prague, Czech Republic).
Ligands for nuclear receptors (GW3965, thyroxin, obeticholic acid,
dexamethasone, fenofibrate, GW501516, rosiglitazone, 3-methylcholanthrene,
calcitriol, testosterone, and estradiol) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich
(now Merck). The prototype ligands were used at 100 nM (dexamethasone,
calcitriol), 1 μM (thyroxin), or 10 μM concentrations.
The compounds were dissolved in DMSO, and the final concentration
of DMSO in the entire reaction mixture or cultivation media was 0.1%.
rifampicin (rif), TCPOBOP, and PK11195 were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich
(St. Louis, Missouri, United States, now Merck), which is now known
as Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Phenobarbital (Luminal 200 mg/mL injection)
was manufactured by Desitin Pharma spol. s.r.o. (Prague, Czech Republic).
Ligands for nuclear receptors (GW3965, thyroxin, obeticholic acid,
dexamethasone, fenofibrate, GW501516, rosiglitazone, 3-methylcholanthrene,
calcitriol, testosterone, and estradiol) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich
(now Merck). The prototype ligands were used at 100 nM (dexamethasone,
calcitriol), 1 μM (thyroxin), or 10 μM concentrations.
The compounds were dissolved in DMSO, and the final concentration
of DMSO in the entire reaction mixture or cultivation media was 0.1%.
7
Lipid Signaling Pathway Screening
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BODIPY™ 558/568 C12 (4,4-difluoro-5-(2-thienyl)-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene-3-dodecanoic acid, Thermo Fischer Scientific), Hoechst (Sigma), sodium arsenite (Fischer Chemical), cycloheximide (Sigma), BODIPY™ 493/503 (ThermoFischer Scientific, D3922), Rosiglitazone (Sigma), Clofibrate (Sigma), GW501516 (Sigma), 2-bromopalmitic acid (Sigma), streptavidin-HRP (Thermo Scientific), fatty acid-free BSA (PAN Biotech), DMEM (PAN Biotech), FBS (PAN Biotech), PBS (PAN Biotech), methanol (Roth), chlorophorm (Sigma), aprotinin (Roth), leupeptin (Roth), phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF, Sigma), Fasnall (Sigma), and kinase screening library (10505, Cayman Chemical).
8
Nuciferine Modulates PPARs Signaling
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Nuciferine (purity by HPLC > 98.0%) was purchased from APP-CHEM (YHI-039, Xi’an, Shanxi, China). Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium-high glucose (DMEM), fetal bovine serum (FBS), 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), and Lipofectamine 2000 reagent were purchased from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA, USA). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), PPARs agonists WY14643, GW501516, rosiglitazone (Rosi) were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). TRIzol reagent was purchased from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA, USA). IL-6 and TNF-α Mouse ELISA Kit was obtained from Elabscience Biotechnology Co. Ltd. (Wuhan, Hubei, China). Super Script II Rnase H Reverse Transcriptase kit was purchased from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA, USA).
9
Adipogenic Differentiation Assay
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3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), WY14643, GW501516, rosiglitazone, 3-Isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX), dexamethasone, insulin, and Oil Red O were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). 2-(N-(7-Nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl) amino)-2-deoxyglucose (2-NBDG) was purchased from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA, USA).
10
PPAR Agonists and MHV68 Antibodies
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PPARα agonist WY14643 was purchased from Cayman Chemical. For in vitro work PPARα agonist fenofibrate, PPARδ agonist GW501516, and PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. The polyclonal antibody against MHV68 has been previously described (36 (link)) and was generously provided by the Virgin lab. The antibody against IFNAR was purchased from Biolegend (clone MAR1-5A3, Biolegend #127312). The isotype control, Mouse IgG1, κ−isotype, was also purchased from Biolegend (clone MOPC-21, Biolegend number 400112).
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