Mta fillapex

Cell viability assays were performed using transwells (Costar Transwell; Corning Inc., Corning, NY, USA). The materials tested in this study were MTA Fillapex, GuttaFlow 2, BC sealer, Bioroot™ RCS, AHPlus (Dentsply DeTrey, Konstanz, Germany) and Roth's 801(Roth's Pharmacy-Chicago). The sealers were prepared under aseptic conditions according to the manufacturer's instructions and were immediately placed on a 13 mm coverslip. These sealers were divided into two groups. In the first group, PDL cells were added immediately after the preparation of sealers (Fresh Group). In the second group, PDL cells were added after 24 h, so that sealers were set (24 h Group). Five coverslips for each material per group were prepared. Each coverslip was placed on the bottom of a 24-well plate, 200 μl of DMEM media was added in each well, and 2 × 10⁴ PDL cells were seeded on the polycarbonate filter with 30-μm pores in the upper chamber of the transwells. A control medium was prepared in a similar manner but without materials. The cells were cultured for 72 h at 37°C in a 5% CO₂ humidified incubator. Finally, the cells were collected, trypsinized, stained with trypan blue, and counted using a hemocytometer.

Rheological properties of three endodontic sealers, MTA Fillapex (Angelus, Brazil — #26239), AH Plus (Dentsply, Germany — #1307000833), and EndoREZ (Ultradent, USA — #B875J) were measured using a high-performance strain-controlled Compact Modular Rheometer — (MCR 301-PHYSICA) (Anton Paar, Germany), with cone and plate geometry (cone angle ¼ 0.1 radian and cone diameter ¼ 25 mm), and Peltier plate-temperature control (±0.1°C).[6 (link)]
The endodontic sealers (n = 30) were freshly mixed according to the manufacturers’ instructions, weighed precisely 1 mg with a digital balance (Toledo, Germany) and were placed on the plate of the rheometer. The relative humidity impact was minimized by ensuring that there was an extra sealer within the outer rim of the cone.[6 (link)7 (link)]
Rheological properties of the sealers including G″, G′, Tan δ and η* were studied using dynamic oscillatory shear test. Amplitude sweep test was performed to obtain an optimum strain rate with the frequency fixed at 10s⁻¹. After establishing the linear region, measurement was taken as a function of frequency (from 0.01 to 100 s⁻¹) using RHEOPLUS/32 software. The sealers were tested at 25°C (n = 15) and 37°C (n = 15).
The results of all measurements were analyzed statistically (P < 0.005) using Wilcoxon signed-rank test.