Spm 9700ht

The receptor materials including EITS, EIPani, and EITS–EIPani composite are characterized by Agilent Cary 630 Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometer to investigate the structural features, and by Shimadzu SPM-9700HT atomic force microscope (AFM) to study the microstructure and surface morphology.

As a first step, a conductive resin (Technovit 5000, Kulzer, Germany) were prepared, which is composed of the mixture of powder (90 wt% Cu and 10 wt% benzoyl peroxide) and liquid (organic compounds: C₅H₈O₂, C₁₂H₁₈O₄, C₁₄H₂₂O₆). The mixing weight ratio of powder to liquid is 2. The liquid was put in the half of the powder in a hard paper cup and mixed thoroughly. Continuously, the 2nd half of powder was poured in the cup after mixed for 40 s. After that, the mixture of the core–shell microspherical particles and the conductive resin were poured into a mold and cured to obtain the polishing sample. Parallel polishing (#1500, #2000, #2400, #4000) using water-resistant abrasive paper and buffing (diamond slurry: 3 μm, 0.25 μm) afforded the observation sample for KPFM with a mirror surface. The final shape of the sample was a disc of 10 mm diameter and 1 mm of thickness. Then, the sample was attached to the sample holder, which is stainless steel disk of 15 mm diameter and 1 mm thickness by carbon tape, and the lower surface of the holder was directly connected to the stage of KPFM (SPM-9700HT, Shimadzu, Japan).

Atomic force microscopy (AFM)
Shimadzu SPM-9700HT (Shimadzu Corp., Kyoto, Japan) was used to evaluate
the hard–soft domains phase separation of the foam. The instrument
was operated at a scan rate of 1.0 Hz in a noncontact mode with Nanoworld
NCHR-10 Pointprobe-Silicon SPM-Sensor phase cantilever with the following
specifications: 4 μm thickness, 125 μm length, 30 μm
width, 320 kHz resonance frequency, and 42 N/m force constant. Scanning
electron microscopy (SEM) images of the foam samples were obtained
using HITACHI SU-1510 (Japan) at 35× magnification. The samples
were coated with a gold–palladium alloy for 1 min at 10 mA
and a sample-target distance of 15 mm. The cell size distribution
of the foams was analyzed using ImageJ. The open cell content of the
foam samples was determined according to ASTM D6226³⁶ using Quantachrome Ultrapyc 1200e automatic gas pycnometer
(Germany). The mechanical and physical properties of the foam were
tested using Universal Testing Machine AGS-X Series (Shimadzu Corp.,
Kyoto, Japan) with ASTM standard tests. Density, compression force
deflection (CFD) at 50% deformation, tensile strength, and ball rebound
resilience tests were conducted according to ASTM D3574³⁷ Tests A, D, E, and H, respectively.

A detailed investigation of the surface of M-CNF-based ionic gels with various water content was performed using a scanning probe microscope (SPM-9700HT, Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan) operating in the tapping mode, with an NSG30-SS silicon tip (tip curvature radius 2 nm). A total of 512 × 512 points images were obtained.

The morphology of the resulting nanowires was characterized by optical microscopy (50/100× objective, purchased from Sunny Optical Technology (Group) Co., Ltd. in Ningbo, China) The thickness of the 2D material was measured by atomic force microscopy (SmartSPM 1000, purchased from AIStar-Technology company, Novato, CA, USA). Raman testing was acquired by Raman spectroscopy system (Horiba LabRAM HR Evolution, purchased from HORIBA, Ltd. in Kyoto, Japan) under 532 nm laser excitation. X-ray diffractometer (D8 discover X-ray, purchased from Bruker company in Billerica, MA, USA) and transmission electron microscope (Talos F200S, purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific in Waltham, MA, USA) were used to characterize the structure of nanowires. KPFM was tested on an atomic force microscope (SPM-9700HT, Shimadzu Co., Ltd. in Nagoya, Japan).