Carboxymethyl cellulose

Picrylsulfonic acid/TNBS was purchased from Sigma Aldrich, USA; FITC-d/FD4 was purchased from Sigma Aldrich, Sweden; Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and Sodium chloride (NaCl) were purchased from Himedia Laboratories Pvt Ltd, India; Ethanol from Merck, Germany; Mesacol drug from Sun Pharma Laboratories Ltd, India were obtained.
Myeloperoxidase and secretory IgA assay kits were purchased from BT Bioassay Technology Laboratory, China; TNF-alpha assay kit was purchased from Cusabio, USA; Lysis buffer from Cell Signaling Technology Inc, USA; BCA protein assay kit from Thermo Scientific, USA; Polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membranes from Hybond- Amersham, USA; The primary antibodies of tight junction proteins such as claudin-2, occludin, zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1 or TJ protein-1) were purchased from Invitrogen, USA and secondary antibody from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, USA; Chemiluminescence detection kit from Bio-Rad, USA. The instruments used were Microplate reader from Molecular devices, USA; ChemiDoc image scanner from Bio-Rad, USA.

The standard drugs such as aspirin, pentazocine, and indomethacin were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Bengaluru branch, Karnataka, India). All other chemicals like carrageenan, carboxymethyl cellulose, and so forth were obtained from Himedia (Mumbai, Maharashtra, India) and of the highest purity and analytical grade.