Tetraphenylphosphonium chloride

Mitochondrial respiration medium (MiR05) was prepared as described by Gnaiger et al. (see www.bioblast.at/index.php/MiPNet14.13_Medium-MiR06). In brief, MiR05 medium, pH 7.1, contains 0.5 mM EGTA, 3 mM MgCl₂-6H₂O, 60 mM lactobionic acid, 20 mM taurine, 10 mM KH₂PO₄, 20 mM HEPES, 110 mM d-Sucrose, and 1 g/L BSA (Fraction V, fatty acid free). Collagenase, type IV, was purchased from Worthington Biochemical Corporation (Lakewood, NJ). High purity digitonin, a non-ionic detergent that interacts specifically with cholesterol and permeabilizes cell membranes, was purchased from Millipore-Sigma (Cat# 300410). Rotenone, oligomycin, FCCP, antimycin A, menadione, and tetraphenylphosphonium chloride was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. All other chemicals used for this work were purchased from commercial sources at analytical grade.

All reagents were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and used without further purification: hexachloroplatinic(iv) acid (H₂PtCl₆·6H₂O, 99.99%, metal basis), silver nitrate (AgNO₃, 99%, metals basis), 2,4-dimethylbenzenethiol (PhMe₂-SH, 99%), triphenylphosphine (PPh₃, 99%), 1-adamantanethiol (AdmSH, C₁₀H₁₅-SH, 99%), sodium borohydride (NaBH₄, 95%), sodium tetraphenylborate (NaBPh₄, 98%), tetraphenylphosphonium bromide (PPh₄Br, 98%), tetramethylphosphonium bromide (PMe₄Br, 98%), tetraphenylphosphonium chloride (PPh₄Cl, 98%), tetra-n-octylammonium bromide ([N(C₈H₁₇)₄]Br, TOAB, 98%), tetra-n-heptylammonium bromide ([N(C₇H₁₅)₄]Br, 98%), tetra-n-hexylammonium bromide ([N(C₆H₁₃)₄]Br, 98%), tetra-n-amylammonium bromide ([N(C₅H₁₁)₄]Br, 98%), tetra-n-butylammonium bromide ([N(C₄H₉)₄]Br, 98%), tetra-n-propylammonium bromide ([N(C₃H₇)₄]Br, 98%), tetraethylammonium bromide ([N(C₂H₅)₄]Br, 98%), tetramethylammonium bromide ([N(CH₃)₄]Br, 98%), hydrobromic acid (HBr, 47.0–49.0%), methylene chloride (CH₂Cl₂, HPLC grade), methanol (CH₃OH, HPLC), ethanol (CH₃CH₂OH, HPLC).