C11095500bt

HeLa, human rhabdomyosarcoma RD cells, human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells, human glioblastoma U251 cells, and HEK293T cells were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). SK-N-SH cells were cultured in MEM (C11095500BT; Gibco) containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS; Sunrise) and 100 U/ml of penicillin and streptomycin (10378016; Gibco). The other cells were cultured in DMEM (C11995500BT; Gibco) containing 10% FBS and 100 U/ml of penicillin and streptomycin. All cells were maintained in a humidified incubator with 5% CO₂ at 37°C.
EV71 strain VR-784 was purchased from China Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC). EV71 strain SHAPHC695F/SH/CHN/10 (EV71-695F; GenBank: JQ736684.2) was isolated from fecal sample of a 1.8-yr-old patient in Shanghai public health clinical centre (SHPHC) in 2010 and provided by Dr. Zhigang Yi (Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Zhang et al., 2013 (link)). Coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16-G10; GeneBank: U05876.1) was provided by Dr. Dan Xu (Fudan University, Shanghai, China). VSV was from Genhong Cheng Laboratory (University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA). HSV virus was kindly provided by Dr. Chunfu Zheng (Soochow University, Suzhou, China). Viral titers were determined using the TCID50 assay according to standard procedures.

HeLa, human rhabdomyosarcoma RD cells, human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells, human glioblastoma U251 cells, and HEK293T cells were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). SK-N-SH cells were cultured in MEM (C11095500BT; Gibco) containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS; Sunrise) and 100 U/ml of penicillin and streptomycin (10378016; Gibco). The other cells were cultured in DMEM (C11995500BT; Gibco) containing 10% FBS and 100 U/ml of penicillin and streptomycin. All cells were maintained in a humidified incubator with 5% CO₂ at 37°C.
EV71 strain VR-784 was purchased from China Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC). EV71 strain SHAPHC695F/SH/CHN/10 (EV71-695F; GenBank: JQ736684.2) was isolated from fecal sample of a 1.8-yr-old patient in Shanghai public health clinical centre (SHPHC) in 2010 and provided by Dr. Zhigang Yi (Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Zhang et al., 2013 (link)). Coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16-G10; GeneBank: U05876.1) was provided by Dr. Dan Xu (Fudan University, Shanghai, China). VSV was from Genhong Cheng Laboratory (University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA). HSV virus was kindly provided by Dr. Chunfu Zheng (Soochow University, Suzhou, China). Viral titers were determined using the TCID50 assay according to standard procedures.

Human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) were obtained from circumcised foreskins of healthy human donors aged 5-20 years in Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, as described previously [29 (link),30 (link)]. Human embryonic lung fibroblasts IMR-90 and HEL were purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) and Kunming Cell Bank (Chinese Academy of Sciences), respectively. The HDF, HEL, and IMR-90 cells were cultured in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM, C11995500BT, Gibco, USA) or Minimum Essential Medium (MEM, C11095500BT, Gibco, USA) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (35-076-CV, Gibco, USA) and 1% penicillin/streptomycin (15140-122, Gibco, USA) in a 37 °C/5% CO₂ humidified incubator. Human embryonic kidney HEK-293T cells were purchased from ATCC and cultured in DMEM (C11995500BT, Gibco, USA) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (04-001-1ACS, BI, Israel) and 1% penicillin/streptomycin (15140-122, Gibco, USA) in a 37 °C/5% CO₂ humidified incubator.