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12 protocols using sch772984

1

Melanoma Cell Line Authentication and Drug Treatment

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A375 (CRL-1619) and Mewo (HTB-65) melanoma cells were purchased at American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA, USA) and normal human epidermal melanocytes at PromoCell (Heidelberg, Germany). SK-Mel-2, SK-Mel-5 and SK-Mel-28 melanoma cells were kindly provided by Dr Laura Poliseno (CRL-ITT, Pisa, Italy). Cell lines were authenticated by short tandem repeat profiling. Human melanoma samples (Supplementary Table S1) were obtained after approved protocols by the local Ethics Committee, and processed as previously described.7 (link), 8 (link) Patient-derived SSM2c, M26c, M33x melanoma cells were already described8 (link) and M51 cells were derived from a subcutaneous melanoma metastasis. Lentiviruses were produced in HEK-293T cells as already described.58 (link) Cells were periodically tested for Mycoplasma contamination by 4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole inspection and PCR. CI-1040 and SCH772984 (Sigma, St Louis, MO, USA) were used for 16 h, respectively, at 1 μM and 0.5 μM, and transduced cells were selected with puromycin (2 μg/ml) (Sigma).
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2

Lung Cancer Cell Line Cultivation and Inhibitor Treatment

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The human LUAD cell lines A549 and H1299 were obtained from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA) and authenticated by short tandem repeat (STR) profiling. The HEK293T cell line was acquired from the Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM-Integrated Hospital) of Southern Medical University (Guangzhou, P.R. China). These cell lines were analyzed for mycoplasma and were verified to be mycoplasma-free. A549 and H1299 cells were cultured in RPMI 1640 medium (Biological Industries, Bet Haemek, Israel) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA). HEK293T cells were cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM; Biological Industries) supplemented with 10% FBS. All cells were incubated in a humidified incubator at 37°C with 5% CO2. The AKT1 inhibitor MK-2206 2HCl and the MAPK3/1 inhibitor SCH772984 were purchased from Selleck Chemicals (Houston, TX, USA). For inhibitor treatment, 5 mmol/L MK-2206 2HCl and/or 5 mmol/L SCH772984, or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO; Sigma-Aldrich) alone for control, were freshly added to the cell culture every 24 h.
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3

Cell Culture Conditions and Viral Infections

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CRFK cells [European Collection of Cell Cultures (ECACC)] were grown in minimum essential medium (MEM, Gibco #31095-029) containing L-glutamine (Gibco) and 1% nonessential amino acids (Gibco), and supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS, Gibco) and 1% penicillin-streptomycin, in a 5% CO2 environment. U2OS and A549 cells were grown in DMEM (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium, Gibco #41966), supplemented with 10% (v/v) fetal bovine serum (FBS, Gibco), glutamine and 1% penicillin-streptomycin (Gibco) in a 5% CO2 chamber. GFP-G3BP1 expressing, G3BP1/2 double knockout U2OS, UBAP2L knockout HeLa, MEFs S51A and RNase L knockout A549 cells have been described elsewhere (Brocard et al., 2020 (link); Burke et al., 2020 (link); Cirillo et al., 2020 (link)). Arsenate, SCH772984, puromycin and cycloheximide were all purchased from Sigma. All inhibitors were added to the cell culture media and incubated at 37°C for the indicated times. For viral infections, the FCV strain Urbana was used as previously described at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) equal to 1, and at 0.2 MOI for VFS generation (Humoud et al., 2016 (link)). After 1 h the inoculation was removed, and the cells were incubated with fresh medium for 5 h post infection (h.p.i.).
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4

Evaluating ERK Inhibitor in RCC Cells

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The human renal epithelial cell line HK-2 and seven human RCC cell lines (786-O, CaKi-1, Caki-2, A-704, 769-P, A498, and ACHN) were obtained from the American Type Tissue Collection. The cells were grown in Eagle's Minimal Essential Media supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS; Hyclone), and the cells were incubated at 37°C and in 5% CO 2 . We purchased SCH772984 (an ERK-selective inhibitor) from Sigma.
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5

Lentiviral shRNA and Dox-Inducible MEK/BRAF Constructs

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All cell lines were maintained in DMEM with 10% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum, 2 mmol/L glutamine in a humidified 5% CO2 incubator, with the addition of 10 ng/mL doxycycline and/or puromycin, when applicable. Stocks and dilutions of PLX4032/vemurafenib (Plexxikon, Berkeley, CA, USA), AZD6244/selumetinib (Selleck Chemicals) and SCH772984 (MERCK) were made in DMSO. Cell proliferation experiments were performed in a 96-well format (5 replicates per sample); drug treatments were initiated 24 hours post-seeding for 72 hour; and cell survival quantified using CellTiter-GLO (Promega). Clonogenic assays were performed by plating cells at single cell density in 6-well plates with fresh media and drug replenished every two days. Colonies were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde and stained with 0.05% crystal violet. shBRAF, shCRAF, shPTEN and shNRAS were subcloned into the lentiviral vector pLL3.7; shDUSP4/pLK0.1 vectors were obtained commercially (GE Dharmacon). All WT and mutant MEK1 and BRAF constructs were epitope-tagged and sub-cloned into the doxycycline-repressible lentiviral vector pLVX-Tight-Puro (Clontech, Inc). Viral supernatants were generated by third-generation lentiviral packaging using human embryonic kideny (HEK) 293T cells. HEK293T cells were transfected using BioT (Bioland).
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6

Inhibition of Kinase Pathways

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Inhibitors MEK inhibitor GSK1120212/Trametinib, ROCK inhibitor Fasudil, BRAF inhibitor PLX-4720 were bought from Selleck Chemicals, Houston, TX, USA. ERK inhibitor SCH772984 was provided by Merck & Co, Whitehouse Station, NJ, USA (via a MTA). ROCK inhibitor GSK269962A was from Axon Medchem, Groningen, the Netherlands. Metabolic poison phenyl arsine oxide (PAO) and vehicle dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) were from Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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7

SCH772984 Inhibitor Preparation

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The ERK1/2-selective inhibitor SCH772984 was provided by A. Samatar (Merck). Inhibitors for in vitro studies were dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to yield a 10 mM or 20 mM stock concentration and stored at −20 or −80 °C, respectively.
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8

Colon Cancer Cell Line Cultivation

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The SW480, SW620, Caco-2, DLD-1, HCT116, and LoVo human colon cancer cell lines were obtained from the General Surgery Laboratory of Peking University First Hospital (Beijing, China). These cells were routinely cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) with 10% foetal bovine serum (FBS; both from Gibco; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.) at 37°C and supplemented with 5% CO2. hEGF (cat. no. E9644), which was used as an ERK1/2 activator in our research (15 (link)), was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich; Merck KGaA. SCH-772984, a selective inhibitor of Erk1/2 (hereinafter called EI), dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) was purchased from Selleckchem. Both hEGF and EI were maintained at −20°C.
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9

Preparation of Drug Stock Solutions

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Trametinib (GSK1120212) and dabrafenib (GSK2118436) were kindly provided by GlaxoSmithKline (Brentford, Middlesex, UK). Gedatolisib (PF05212384) was kindly provided by Pfizer Inc. (New York, NY, USA). SCH772984 and alpelisib were purchased by Selleckchem (Houston, TX, USA). Everolimus was obtained from Novartis Pharma (Basel, Switzerland). MK-2206 was kindly provided by Merck and Co. (Kenilworth, NJ, USA).
Trametinib, dabrafenib, SCH772984, alpelisib and MK-2206 were dissolved in DMSO as 1 mM, 10 mM, 0.2 mM, 10 mM and 1 mM stock solution, respectively and stored at −20 °C. Gedatolisib was dissolved in DMSO as 1 mM stock solution and stored at −80 °C. Everolimus was dissolved in 100% ethanol as a 10 mM stock solution and stored at −20 °C.
The final concentration of drugs was obtained by dilution with culture medium.
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10

Immunoblot and Immunofluorescence Analysis

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For immunoblot analysis, the following phospho-specific and total
protein antibodies were obtained from Cell Signaling Technology: pAKT (9271,
RRID:AB_329825), AKT (9272, RRID:AB_329827), pERK1/2 (4370, RRID:AB_2315112),
ERK1/2 (9102, RRID:AB_330744), MYC (5605, RRID:AB_1903938), GST (2625,
RRID:AB_490796). Antibodies to HA (H3663, RRID:AB_262051) and vinculin (V9131,
RRID:AB_477629) were obtained from Sigma Aldrich. For immunofluorescence
staining, the monoclonal antibody against vinculin (V9131) was obtained from
Sigma Aldrich and the Alexa-Fluor-568 secondary antibody (A-11004,
RRID:AB_2534072) was from Invitrogen. DAPI stain was obtained from ThermoFisher.
F-actin was visualized by Phalloidin-conjugated with an Alexa-488 fluorophore
(Invitrogen, A12379). For immunochemical labeling of mitochondria, MitoTracker
CMXRos (ThermoFisher) was applied following the manufacturer’s
recommended protocol. siRNA against scrambled (Negative Control No. 1) and KRAS
(s7940, s7939) sequences were obtained from Invitrogen and transfected into
cells by using Lipofectamine RNAiMAX following the manufacturer’s
recommended protocol. Additional chemical reagents used included bafilomycin A1,
oligomycin A, rotenone, antimycin, FCCP, CCP, doxycycline, MTT, chloroquine
diphosphate (Sigma Aldrich) and SCH772984 (provided by Merck).
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