4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 3-hydroxybenzoic acid and 2-hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) were purchased at Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany).
2 hydroxybenzoic acid
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in Germany, United Kingdom
2-hydroxybenzoic acid is a chemical compound that is commonly used as a starting material or intermediate in the synthesis of various pharmaceutical and other chemical products. It has the chemical formula C7H6O3 and is a white crystalline solid at room temperature. The compound is soluble in water, alcohol, and other organic solvents. 2-hydroxybenzoic acid is a versatile chemical that can be used in a variety of laboratory applications, but its specific uses and properties should be further researched to provide a more detailed and unbiased description.
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Lab products found in correlation
4 hydroxybenzoic acid, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Methanol, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Caffeic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
3 hydroxybenzoic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Genistic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Unknown analysis software, by Agilent Technologies (1 mentions)
Gallic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Quercetin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ferulic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Protocatechuic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ascorbic acid, by Scharlab (1 mentions)
Sodium hydrogen carbonate, by Scharlab (1 mentions)
Ethylene glycol, by Scharlab (1 mentions)
2 aminothiophenol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Iron 3 chloride hexahydrate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Milli q, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Zinc acetate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Deuterated methanol meod, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
2 4 dihydroxybenzoic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
9 protocols using 2 hydroxybenzoic acid
1
Benzoic Acid Isomer Extraction
2
Enhancing Tomato Plant Properties
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To improve physical and chemical properties of tomato plants, two different stimulants were tested sole or in combination: salicylic acid (SA; 2-hydroxybenzoic acid; Sigma Chemical Co., Gillingham, UK) and propolis (as an organic biostimulant) (taken from the apiary of Beekeeping Research Section, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agriculture Research Centre at Dokki, Giza, Egypt). The chemical description of the propolis used in this study is presented in Table 4 . A total of twelve treatments were tested. The tomato hybrid Al-Quds E448 (Ministry of Agriculture-Tadress Lyon Company, Cairo, Egypt) was considered for the experiment. The experiment was organized in a completely randomized block design with three replications. Each experimental unit size was 20 m2 with five rows (150 plants per plot), 9 m in length, and 50-wide row spacing.
3
GC-MS Analysis of Phenolic Compounds
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Data were analyzed by the Unknown Analysis software (Agilent, Santa Clara, CA, USA). The percentage composition of the samples was computed from the GC peak areas. Library searches were conducted using the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) 14 GC/MS Library and mass spectra from the literature. Component-relative percentages were calculated based on GC peak areas without using correction factors. Commercially available standards were used for 2-hydroxybenzoic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, genistic acid, protocatechuic acid, quininic acid, gallic acid, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, (2R-E) catechin, and quercetin (Sigma, Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA).
4
Synthesis of Fluorescent Metal Sensors
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Iron(III) chloride hexahydrate 98%, iron(II) chloride tetrahydrate 99%, tetraethylortosilicate (TEOS), 98%,hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), 2-hydroxybenzoic acid, triphenyl phosphite (TPP), tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB), 2-aminothiophenol, sodium hydroxide (NaOH), pyridine, 3-isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane (ICTES), 3-iodopropyltrimethoxysilane (IPTMS), magnesium sulfate, and the nitrate salts of metal cations for fluorescence measurements, that is, Na+, K+, Ag+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Ba2+, Hg2+, Pb2+, and Al3+, were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Tres Cantos, Spain) and were used as received. Iron(III) nitrate nonahydrate, extra pure sodium acetate anhydrous, sodium hydrogen carbonate, ascorbic acid, and ethylene glycol were purchased from Scharlau (Móstoles, Spain) and were used as received, without further purification. Triethylamine (Et3N) redistilled 99% was purchased from Fluka (Tres Cantos, Spain) and was used as supplied. Organic solvents such as THF and acetone were purchased from Carlo Erba (Sabadell, Spain) and were distilled and dried over appropriate drying agents. Ethanol was purchased from VWR (Barcelona, Spain) and Milli-Q (Merck-Millipore, Barlington, MA, USA) quality water was used in the experiments.
5
Synthesis and Characterization of Benzoic Acid Derivatives
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4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 2-hydroxybenzoic acid, 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, zinc acetate, acetic anhydride, methanol, tetrahydrofuran (THF, suitable for HPLC, ≥99.9% and inhibitor-free), potassium bromide, chloroform, sulfuric acid, ethyl ester, sodium hydroxide (NaOH), hydrochloric acid (HCl), phenolphthalein, and deuterated methanol (MeOd) for NMR, were acquired from Sigma-Aldrich (Darmstadt, Germany) and were used as received.
6
Faba Bean Salt Stress and Salicylic Acid
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Experiments were performed on seedlings of four-weeks-old. Salt stress was set-up with NaCl at two levels of 100 or 200 mM. Moreover, the hormone application consisted of treating plants with 0.5 mM or 1.0 mM salicylic acid (C 7 H 6 O 3 ; 2-hydroxybenzoic acid; Sigma-Aldrich, C 99.0%) dissolved in 0.02 % Tween 20 (Polyoxyethylenesorbitan monolaurate, Sigma Chemicals, UK).
Either NaCl or salicylic acid (mixed with Tween-20) were both dissolved in the nutrient solution of Hoagland which was applied directly to the pots for irrigation. Control plants were irrigated by Hoagland full nutrient solution without NaCl and SA. Untreated plants with salicylic acid received the same volume of Tween-20 added to the nutrient solution for homogeneity. It should be noted that no visible damages on the stressed plants were observed during the experiment.
Overall, plants were arranged in a full factorial design with two faba bean genotypes, three salt treatments (i.e. 0, 100 and 200 mM NaCl) and three salicylic acid treatments (i.e. 0, 0.5 and 1 mM SA). For each treatment, eight replicates were set and processed.
Plants were harvested after ten days of treatment. The dry weights of the aerial parts and roots were determined and samples were conserved at -80 • C for further analyses.
Either NaCl or salicylic acid (mixed with Tween-20) were both dissolved in the nutrient solution of Hoagland which was applied directly to the pots for irrigation. Control plants were irrigated by Hoagland full nutrient solution without NaCl and SA. Untreated plants with salicylic acid received the same volume of Tween-20 added to the nutrient solution for homogeneity. It should be noted that no visible damages on the stressed plants were observed during the experiment.
Overall, plants were arranged in a full factorial design with two faba bean genotypes, three salt treatments (i.e. 0, 100 and 200 mM NaCl) and three salicylic acid treatments (i.e. 0, 0.5 and 1 mM SA). For each treatment, eight replicates were set and processed.
Plants were harvested after ten days of treatment. The dry weights of the aerial parts and roots were determined and samples were conserved at -80 • C for further analyses.
7
Diverse Organic Extraction and Characterization
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65% divinylbenzene (DVB), methanol (MeOH), 2-chlorophenol (2-ChP), 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DChP), and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TChP), 1,4-dioxane and 2-hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid), acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin), (S)-(+)-2-(4-Isobutylphenyl)propionic acid (ibuprofen), 4-acetamidophenol (paracetamol), ampicillin, bromine, and starch were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Hexane, acetone, toluene, and phenol (P), poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVAL), 99.8% acetic acid, iodine, NaOH, KI, Na2S2O3, were from POCh (Gliwice, Poland). Linseed oil (Lo) and rapeseed oil (Ro), both cooking grade, and argan oil (Ao) cosmetical grade 100% (cold pressed), were purchased from local suppliers. 97% (R)-(+)limonene (L) was from Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). 96% cis/trans citral (C), 97% (1R)-(+)-alfa-pinene (P) was from SAFC, and 98% α,α’-Azoiso-bis-butyronitrile (AIBN) was from Fluka (Busch, Switzerland).
8
Simultaneous Quantification of Polyphenols
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Acetonitrile, 2-propanol, methanol, formic acid (all LC-MS grade), n-hexane and N,N-dimethylformamide (both reagent grade) were purchased from Merck Life Science (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany). Ultrapure water was obtained from Milli-Q advantage A10 system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA). Standards of isoquercetrin, 2-hydroxybenzoic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillin, vanillin alcohol, p-coumaric acid, caffeic acid, daidzein, 1,3-benzenediol, syringol, homovanillic acid and hydroxytyrosol were acquired from Merck Life Science
9
Enhancing Growth of Celosia argentea var. cristata
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Healthy seeds of C. argentea var. cristata were surface sterilised with 1% sodium hypochlorite, were dried by placing them on filter paper and were sown on a tray using coconut husk and peat moss of equal percentage as a germination substrate. After 25 days, seedlings were transplanted in small pots, and when seedlings reached the height of 7.62 cm, they were transplanted in fields by maintaining the distance of 30.48 cm from plant to plant and then field was irrigated. SA, Zn and their combinations were sprayed (150 mL) uniformly on the foliage at 32nd day and at 58th days after seedling transplanting (DST). Concentration of 0.5 ppm, 1.5 ppm and 2.0 ppm were prepared by dissolving 0.015 g, 0.045 g and 0.06 g of ZnSO 4 (Merck) in 3 L of distilled water, respectively. SA (2-hydroxybenzoic acid, Merck) was initially dissolved in 1,000 μL dimethyl sulfoxide to make a volume up to 100 mL, and later 50 ppm and 100 ppm concentration were prepared from the standard solution.
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