Ddc medical

Prostate cancer cell lines, DU145, PC3, and LNCaP were purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). LNCaP95 was a generous gift from Dr. Jun O. Luo (Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA). Cells were authenticated by short tandem repeat analysis (Takara Bio Inc., Shiga, Japan) and then tested by DDC Medical (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) in April 2018, to ensure that the cells were mycoplasma-free. Cells were maintained as monolayer cultures at 37 °C and 5% CO₂. The cell line DU145 was cultured in DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS, PC-3 in RPMI 1640 with 10% FBS, LNCaP in phenol red-free RPMI 1640 with 10% FBS, and LNCaP95 in phenol red-free RPMI 1640 with 10% charcoal stripped serum (CSS). A docetaxel-resistant cell line variant, LNCaP95-DR, was developed over a period of 6 months by exposure to gradually increased concentrations of docetaxel (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA). A time-matched parental cell line, LNCaP95-C, was developed in a medium containing vehicle (DMSO) at the corresponding concentration. Finally, LNCaP95-DR cells were maintained in medium containing 15 nM docetaxel.