Magnesium chloride dihydrate

CMC and glacial acetic acid were purchased from Life Science Products & Services (Shanghai, China). Other chemicals, including strontium chloride hexahydrate (SrCl₂·6H₂O), magnesium chloride dihydrate (MgCl₂·2H₂O), zinc chloride (ZnCl₂), ferric chloride (FeCl₃), copper nitrate (Cu(NO₃)₂), silver nitrate (AgNO₃), dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (K₂HPO₄), sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃), hydrochloric acid (HCl), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide (EDC), N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), Tris-HCl-NaCl buffer, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and HEPES buffer (pH = 7.2–7.4, sterilized), were all purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Beijing, China) and used as received. Foetal bovine serum (FBS), Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM), and penicillin/streptomycin were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay, Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK-8) and live/dead cell double staining kits were purchased from Solarbio (Beijing, China). Haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson's trichrome stain kits were purchased from Muto Pure Chemicals Co. Ltd., Japan.