4 6 diamidino 2 phenylindole (dapi)

Fmoc-Asp(OtBu)-OH, 2-chlorotrityl chloride resin, and Fmoc-Cys(OtBu)-OH were purchased from GL Biochem Co, Ltd (Shanghai, China); 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC), N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), ethyldiisopropylamine (DIEA), 2-(1H-benzotriazole-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate (HBTU), glutathione (GSH), Verapamil, diethyl ether, 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt), and triisopropylsilane were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co, Ltd (Shanghai, China); Ellman's reagent, propidium iodide and 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) were purchased from J&K Scientific (Beijing, China); annexin V-FITC was purchased from BioVision Inc (Mountain View, CA, USA). TAT-PEG₅₀₀₀-SH (TAT sequence YGRKKRRQRRR) was synthesized by Qufu Liyang Biochem Co, Ltd (Qufu, China).

Cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB, >98.0%), tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS, GR), 5-bromosalicylicacid (>98.0%), hydrogen tetrachloroaurate trihydrate (HAuCl₄∙3H₂O), silver nitrate (AgNO₃, >99%), sodium borohydride (NaBH₄, 99%), bismuth acetate (99.5%), bismuth nitrate pentahydrate (Bi(NO₃)₃·5H₂O), sodium sulfide nonahydrate (Na₂S·9H₂O), sodium hydroxide (NaOH, 96%), AA, hexamethylenetetramine, DOX, PVP, TAA and 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) were purchased from J&K Scientific Ltd. (Shanghai, China) and used without further purification. 3-(4, 5)-dimethylthiahiazo-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) was obtained from Sigma (cat. M2003). Fresh doubly distilled water was used to make all aqueous solutions. All relevant glassware was immersed in aqua regia and thoroughly washed with doubly distilled water, then dried in an air dry oven.